Tirzepatide

Mounjaro, Zepbound, LY3298176

A dual GLP-1 and GIP receptor agonist used for type 2 diabetes and obesity, enhancing insulin secretion, suppressing glucagon, and promoting weight loss.

Molecular Profile

Formula C₂₂₅H₃₄₈N₄₈O₆₈

Mol. Weight 4813.53 g/mol

Sequence Gly-Glu-Pro-Pro...

Clinical Data Trials

Scientific Data Studies

Route	Dosage	Bioavailability
Subcutaneous (SC) 2.5-15 mg	2.5-15 mg	High (80%)	SUB

How It Works

How It Works: Tirzepatide functions as a dual agonist for GLP-1 and GIP receptors, mimicking incretin hormones to regulate glucose metabolism and appetite.

GLP-1 Receptor Agonism: Stimulates glucose-dependent insulin release, inhibits glucagon secretion, slows gastric emptying, and reduces food intake.
GIP Receptor Agonism: Enhances insulin secretion and may improve beta-cell function and lipid handling.
Overall Effects: Leads to improved glycemic control, significant weight loss, and potential cardiovascular benefits.

Pairs Well With

Latest Clinical Trials

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Not Yet Recruiting NA NCT06790225

Glucose-dependent INsulinotropic Polypeptide: Effect on Bone Remodelling and Cell Activity (GINEBRA)

Esbjerg Hospital - University Hospital of Southern Denmark

INTERVENTIONAL

Updated Dec 15, 2025

Completed PHASE3 NCT04537923

A Study of Tirzepatide (LY3298176) Versus Insulin Lispro (U100) in Participants With Type 2 Diabetes Inadequately Controlled on Insulin Glargine (U100) With or Without Metformin

Eli Lilly and Company

INTERVENTIONAL

Updated Dec 15, 2025

Completed NCT07096063

Comparative Effectiveness of Tirzepatide and Semaglutide in Individuals at Cardiovascular Risk

Brigham and Women's Hospital

OBSERVATIONAL

Updated Dec 15, 2025

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Latest Studies

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Utility 4

pubmed Dec 8, 2025

Severe Adverse Effects of Tirzepatide Overdose Requiring Intensive Care Unit Admission and Complex Rehabilitation.

Sharafeldin. Mahmoud M; Alhamdan. Noor N; Khaliq. Ayesha A

A 39‑year‑old man who was taking tirzepatide for weight loss increased his dose too quickly on his own and ended up in the ICU with dangerous low blood sugar, messed‑up electrolytes, low blood counts, pneumonia, and multiple organ failure. He needed a ventilator, kidney dialysis, a tracheostomy, and long rehab before he could recover.

Utility 4

pubmed Dec 8, 2025

A real-world study of tirzepatide for weight loss in adults without diabetes mellitus.

Angelopoulos. Nikolaos N; Androulakis. Ioannis I; Rizoulis. Andreas A; Boniakos....

A 12‑week real‑world trial gave people with obesity but no diabetes a low dose of tirzepatide (starting at 2.5 mg, then 5 mg weekly). On average they lost about 7 % of their body weight (≈8 kg) and almost half lost at least 5 % of their weight, with small improvements in blood sugar and cholesterol and few side effects.

Utility 4

pubmed Dec 8, 2025

Effectiveness of SGLT2 inhibitors, incretin-based therapies, and finerenone on cardiorenal outcomes: a meta-analysis and network meta-analysis.

Shokravi. Arveen A; Seth. Jayant J; Lu. Nelson N; Mancini. G B John GBJ

The meta‑analysis shows that drugs that act like gut hormones – including tirzepatide – cut heart‑related deaths, overall deaths, heart attacks and kidney problems in people with chronic kidney disease and type‑2 diabetes, and they also lower heart‑failure hospital visits in obese patients with a type of heart failure called HFpEF. While SGLT2 inhibitors may be a bit stronger for some outcomes, tirzepatide still offers solid cardio‑renal protection and big weight‑loss benefits, making it a useful tool for biohackers focused on longevity and metabolic health.

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