Putative peptide neurotransmitters in human neuropathology: a review of topography and clinical implications.
Constantinidis. J J; Bouras. C C; Richard. J J
Key Findings
- s disease, substance P, enkephalins, and cholecystokinin are reduced in the striatonigral system.", "In Parkinson
- s disease involves altered levels of many peptides, including substance P, endorphins, vasopressin, ACTH, somatostatin, VIP, CCK, neurotensin, and delta sleep‑inducing peptide.",
- ,
Practical Outcomes
- The main takeaway for biohackers is that these peptides are tied to disease processes, but the paper offers no actionable dosing or therapeutic protocols. It serves as background knowledge that could guide further personal research or experimentation with peptide supplementation, though any such attempts would be speculative and lack direct guidance from this review.
Summary
This review points out that several brain peptides (like substance P, enkephalins, cholecystokinin, etc.) are found at abnormal levels in neuro‑degenerative and psychiatric diseases such as Huntington's, Parkinson's, Alzheimer's, schizophrenia, and addiction. It doesn’t give any dosing or treatment instructions, just describes the changes that happen in disease.
Abstract
In Huntington's disease, there is a decrease of the neuropeptides, substance P, enkephalins, and cholecystokinin in the striatonigral system, whereas in Parkinson's disease an increase of substance P is found in the substantia nigra. Several neuropeptides should be involved in Alzheimer's disease: substance P, endorphins, vasopressin, ACTH, somatostatin, vasoactive intestinal peptide, cholecystokinin, neurotensin, delta sleep-inducing peptide. Alterations of substance P, vasoactive intestinal peptide, cholecystokinin, somatostatin, and endorphins may be related to the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Delta sleep-inducing peptide may interfere in addiction pathology.
Study Information
pubmed
1983