In rats that had one kidney removed, the body quickly released a lot more growth hormone (GH) for about a day, which helped the remaining kidney grow larger. When researchers gave the rats a drug that blocks the signal that makes GH release (a GRF‑1‑29 antagonist), the GH spike was reduced and the kidney didn't grow as much. The effect was short‑lived, dropping back toward normal after two days.

Removal of one kidney results, within days, in accelerated growth of the remaining kidney. However, the mechanisms that underlie this compensatory renal hypertrophic response, particularly in the early time period following nephrectomy, are not understood. In this study we tested the hypothesis that removal of one kidney leads to a change in the pulsatile release of growth hormone (GH), which facilitates compensatory renal growth. Adult Wistar rats were implanted with Silastic cannulas in jugular veins and underwent either unilateral nephrectomy (UNX) or sham operation. Plasma levels of GH were determined 24 and 48 h after sham operation or UNX. Blood samples were taken every 20 min over a 6-h period from conscious, unrestrained animals. Pulsatile GH release was markedly elevated 24 h after UNX in both the amplitude of the surges as well as in the duration of release. Peak GH levels after 24 h were three- to fourfold higher in UNX rats compared with sham controls (417 +/- 75 vs. 119 +/- 23 ng/ml, P < 0.05). However, this enhanced release of GH appeared to be of short duration and began declining by 48 h post-UNX (peak level of 227 +/- 37 ng/ml, P < 0.05 vs. both 24 h UNX and sham controls). To examine whether this rise in GH release post-UNX contributed to the compensatory renal growth, rats underwent UNX and were immediately treated with an antagonist to GH-releasing factor (GRF-AN; i.e., [N-Ac-Tyr1,D-Arg2]GRF-(1-29) amide, 200 micrograms/kg twice daily), and the effects on GH release and renal growth were determined. Administration of GRF-AN significantly suppressed the increase in GH release post-UNX and was associated with a significant attenuation in renal growth 48 h post-UNX in GRF-AN-treated rats (8.7 +/- 2.6% vs. 22.7 +/- 3.0% in UNX controls, P < 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)