This paper says that new gene and protein tools are changing how we find and use drugs for dementia, especially Alzheimer’s. It mentions that certain gene variants can help decide who should get standard Alzheimer’s meds, and it highlights a tiny protein called humanin as a possible new brain‑protecting agent, but it doesn’t give any dosage or how to use it yet.

Drug discovery as well as the optimization of drug use in dementia is at the verge of a new stage, which is being brought about by the broad and systematic application of functional genomics and proteomics. Alzheimer's disease is the focus of this transition, whereas vascular dementia can benefit from the spill over from cardiovascular research, which is already more developed. This review discusses the stratification of Alzheimer's patients for cholinesterase inhibitor therapy according to genetic polymorphisms and the modulating roles of mutations in the genes coding for angiotensin-converting enzyme, presenilin, cathepsin and potassium channels, which are all hotbeds for 'omics' applications. Lastly, the case for humanin is discussed as an example of the discovery of a potentially novel neuroprotective pathway that could be exploited for dementia drugs.