In a tiny worm called C. elegans, scientists turned off the insulin/IGF‑1 receptor (DAF‑2) in males and saw their lives stretch out by more than four times, plus they stayed fertile much longer. Turning off the same receptor just in the worm's sperm‑producing tissue actually shortened life, showing that where you block the signal matters.

Males and females are known to have dramatically different health and lifespan trajectories, but the underlying basis for these differences is only now being fully investigated ¹ . In the <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i> nematode model system, most aging studies have been conducted with hermaphrodites, and little is known about male-specific responses to pro-longevity mutations. Several previous studies have used the auxin-inducible degron system to degrade the insulin-like DAF-2/IGF-1 receptor in hermaphrodites, finding that both ubiquitous and tissue-specific degradation can extend lifespan ^2-4 . Here we show that ubiquitous degradation of DAF-2 in male <i>C. elegans</i> increases median lifespan by more than 440%, one of the longest lifespan extensions by a single intervention to date. Conversely, degrading DAF-2 in the male germline decreased lifespan, opposite of its effect in hermaphrodites ³ . Using male mating and reproductive success as a meaningful ecological and neurophysiological measure of healthspan, we found that ubiquitous degradation of DAF-2 greatly prolongs reproductive health, likely by prolonging function of the male intromittent organ in the tail. This work highlights the importance of studying sex differences in aging and highlights the utility of using <i>C. elegans</i> males to understand the underlying basis of enhanced lifespan and healthspan.