The paper reviews new ways to stop a dangerous side‑effect of IVF called ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS). It highlights that using kisspeptin or a GnRH‑agonist instead of the usual hCG hormone to finish egg maturation, lowering the hCG dose, freezing all embryos and transferring them later, or giving dopamine‑type drugs after egg collection can all cut the risk of OHSS.

Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome is a potentially life-threatening, but preventable iatrogenic complication of in vitro fertilisation treatment. In recent years, new strategies have been developed to minimise the risk of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome after in vitro fertilisation, including better at-risk patient identification prior to starting treatment, the use of a lower human chorionic gonadotrophin dose or alternative medication instead of human chorionic gonadotrophin to induce final oocyte maturation such as gonadotrophin-releasing hormone agonist and kisspeptin in antagonist cycles, cryopreservation of all embryos and delayed embryo transfer, and the use of oral dopamine agonists after oocyte retrieval. In this article, the advantages and limitations of those new developments are discussed and future directions towards establishment of an ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome-free in vitro fertilisation clinic are explored.