Scientists tested kisspeptin‑10 on chicken ovarian cells and found that a 100 nM dose raised progesterone output and cell health for up to two days, but after three days the hormone level fell. The peptide also turned on the genes that make steroid hormones, though the actual protein amounts didn’t change.

The effect of kisspeptin-10 (Kp-10) on the secretion of progesterone (P(4)) was investigated in cultured granulosa cells from F(1) to F(3) follicles of hens. The results showed that granulosa cells were stained with clear signals for kisspeptin using immunocytochemistry with the specific antibody against Kp-10. Among 10, 100 and 1000 nM concentrations tested, 100 nM Kp-10 treated for 24h significantly increased P(4) secretion in granulosa cells from F(1) to F(3) follicles. After 24h and 48 h of treatment, 100 nM Kp-10 showed a significant increase in P(4) secretion, while after 72 h of treatment P(4) secretion was markedly decreased by Kp-10 compared to the control group (P<0.05). F(1) and F(2/3) cells treated with 100 nM Kp-10 for 24h showed significantly increased viability (P<0.05) and which was in parallel to a marked increase in P(4) secretion (P<0.01). Real-time PCR results showed that the gene expression of the steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR), cytochrome P450 side-chain cleavage (P450scc) and the enzyme 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3β-HSD) in F(1) and F(2/3) granulosa cells was significantly up-regulated by 24h-100 nM Kp-10 treatment (P<0.05 versus P<0.01, respectively). However, there was no significant difference in StAR, P450scc and 3β-HSD protein content between control and the Kp-10 treated group (P>0.05). These results indicate that Kp-10 stimulates P(4) secretion in cultured chicken granulosa cells, which was associated with an up-regulation in StAR, P450scc and 3β-HSD gene transcription.