PT-141

Bremelanotide, Vyleesi

A synthetic peptide analog of alpha-MSH used to treat hypoactive sexual desire disorder by activating melanocortin receptors to enhance sexual arousal.

Molecular Profile

Formula C₅₀H₆₈N₁₄O₁₀

Mol. Weight 1025.2 g/mol

Sequence Gly-Glu-Pro-Pro...

Clinical Data Trials

Scientific Data Studies

Route	Dosage	Bioavailability
Subcutaneous (SC) 1.75 mg	1.75 mg	High (100%)	SUB
Intranasal 10-20 mg	10-20 mg	Low (15%)	INT

How It Works

How It Works: PT-141 functions as a melanocortin receptor agonist, primarily targeting MC4R in the central nervous system to modulate pathways involved in sexual desire and arousal, distinct from vascular mechanisms.

Activates melanocortin receptors (MC3R and MC4R) in the hypothalamus and limbic system.
Enhances dopamine and norepinephrine signaling to increase sexual motivation and genital arousal.
Induces transient cardiovascular effects like increased blood pressure via receptor activation.
May cause skin darkening through MC1R stimulation.

Pairs Well With

Latest Clinical Trials

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Completed PHASE2 NCT05709444

A Phase IIb, Multicenter, Open-Label, Prospective Study of Bremelanotide in Diabetic Kidney Disease

Palatin Technologies, Inc

INTERVENTIONAL

Updated Dec 15, 2025

Completed PHASE2 NCT01382719

Bremelanotide in Premenopausal Women With Female Sexual Arousal Disorder and/or Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder

Palatin Technologies, Inc

INTERVENTIONAL

Updated Dec 15, 2025

Completed PHASE1 NCT03973047

Study to Evaluate Rate of Nausea in Healthy Premenopausal Female Subjects Treated With Single Dose of Bremelanotide Alone or With Zofran

AMAG Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

INTERVENTIONAL

Updated Dec 15, 2025

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Latest Studies

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Utility 2

pubmed Oct 24, 2025

Practical considerations and emerging approaches for the management of vasomotor and sexual symptoms in breast cancer patients on endocrine therapies.

Fuhrman. Jessica J; Yun. Jina J; Indorf. Amy A

The paper reviews new drugs for hot flashes and low sex drive in breast‑cancer patients on hormone therapy. It notes that current pills (SSRIs, gabapentin, etc.) often don’t work well, and highlights three newer options: fezolinetant for hot flashes, flibanserin for low libido, and bremelanotide (also called pt‑141) for sexual desire. However, none of these drugs have been tested in breast‑cancer patients, so doctors must weigh the risks before prescribing.

Utility 3

pubmed Sep 16, 2025

Polymorphism of Melanocortin Receptor Genes-Association with Inflammatory Traits and Diseases.

Bardhan. Mainak M; Anand. Ayush A; Javed. Amaan A; Chilo. Maria Andrea MA; Khan....

Melanocortin receptors (MCRs) are proteins that affect everything from skin color and appetite to stress, immunity, and brain function. Different genetic variants of these receptors are linked to diseases like melanoma, obesity, diabetes, depression, and many inflammatory conditions. Several drugs that activate MCRs—including bremelanotide (pt‑141), afamelanotide, and setmelanotide—are already FDA‑approved for sexual desire, a rare skin disorder, and obesity, and early data suggest they might also help with inflammation.

Utility 3

pubmed Jun 19, 2025

Female Sexual Desire, Arousal, and Orgasmic Dysfunctions: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Treatment Options.

Toledo. Rafaela Germano RG; Winkelman. William D WD; Reyes-Gonzalez. Daniela D;...

A big review looked at how to treat women who have trouble with sexual desire, arousal, or orgasm (but no pain). It found that a talk‑therapy called mindfulness CBT helps all three areas, a pill called flibanserin helps desire, and the peptide bremelanotide (pt‑141) helps desire and arousal. All three also lower sexual distress, but the studies didn’t compare the therapies directly.

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