This review looked at studies where a drug called ulinastatin, sometimes mixed with the peptide thymosin‑alpha‑1, was used to treat people with severe infections (sepsis). It pooled results from several meta‑analyses to see if these combos helped patients live longer, need less time on a ventilator, or spend less time in the ICU. The data are mixed and mainly apply to sick hospital patients, not healthy individuals looking to boost longevity or performance.

Sepsis, a multifaceted disorder, emerges from dysregulated host response to infection, culminating in organ dysfunction and heightened risk of mortality. Present umbrella systematic review was conducted to impart accurate data regarding the effect of urinary trypsin inhibitor (UTI) alone, UTI in combination with thymosin α1, and UTI in combination with Xuebijing on sepsis and inflammation, 28-day mortality rate survival day, time of mechanical ventilation, length of intensive care unit stay, and acute physiology and chronic health evaluation (APACHE II) score. Relevant studies were searched in international databases, including PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Cochrane Central Library up to March 2024. Our study included meta-analyses that evaluated the effects of ulinastatin (UTI) alone, or in combination with thymosin α1 or Xuebijing, on sepsis and inflammatory biomarkers. Nine studies were deemed relevant and subsequently included in the study. The age of the study's participants was between 42.3 and 55.7 years. In total, the dose varied between 166 and 570 KIU/12 h. Moreover, the duration varied between 3 and 8.5 days. A comprehensive assessment of ulinastatin's overall efficacy necessitates a careful consideration of the combined effects of ulinastatin with other interventions. Future research is warranted to disentangle the specific contributions of ulinastatin in combination therapies and to enhance our understanding of its independent effects in clinical settings.