Tirzepatide, a new weight‑loss drug, can slow stomach emptying, which may make birth‑control pills work less well, so people should consider using a non‑oral method or timing the pill differently. The drug’s weight‑loss effects can also boost fertility, but there isn’t enough safety data for use during pregnancy or while nursing, so caution is advised.

Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) have experienced rapid growth in recent years as treatments for type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity. These medications offer promising benefits, including weight loss and improved glycemic control; however, their implications for reproductive health warrant attention. While tirzepatide has been shown to impact absorption of oral contraceptives due to delayed gastric emptying, other GLP-1RAs do not appear to have clinically significant interactions with oral contraception. Fertility outcomes may improve with GLP-1RAs and dual GLP-1/GIP agonists due to weight loss and related metabolic benefits. Despite their widespread use, data on GLP-1RAs in pregnancy and lactation remain limited, leaving significant gaps in guidance for clinicians. This review synthesizes current literature on GLP-1RAs to highlight reproductive health considerations, including their potential impacts on contraception, fertility, pregnancy, and lactation. Greater awareness and understanding of these factors can support informed decision-making and optimize care for individuals using GLP-1RAs.