Circulating levels of several myokines will be measured in serum samples obtained from women in various categories of bone density and according to the presence of fracture or not as well as before and after treatment with teriparatide and denosumab

Serum samples for the measurement of several myokines will be obtained from: 1) equal groups of premenopausal women with normal BMD, postmenopausal women with normal BMD, postmenopausal women with osteopenia, and postmenopausal women with osteoporosis; 2) women with hip fracture compared with controls (women subjected to surgery due to knee osteoathritis); 3) women with osteoporosis treated with teriparatide or denosumab for 12 months