Evaluation of Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis by the GHRP2 Test: Comparison With the Insulin Tolerance Test.
Hayakawa. Tomoaki T; Kitamura. Tetsuhiro T; Tamada. Daisuke D; Mukai. Kosuke K; Hayashi. Reiko R; Takahara. Mitsuyoshi M; Otsuki. Michio M; Shimomura. Iichiro I
Key Findings
- Maximum cortisol levels from GHRP‑2 and ITT correlated (r = 0.777), but overall sensitivity was only 64% and specificity 79%.
- In male patients without functional pituitary adenomas, GHRP‑2 test showed high sensitivity (95%) and specificity (85%).
- Sex, age, menstrual status, and presence of functional adenomas affected the test correlation, making it unreliable for women or patients with adenomas.
Practical Outcomes
- Male biohackers without known pituitary tumors could use a GHRP‑2 challenge as a safer, easier way to gauge adrenal function instead of the risky insulin tolerance test. The method isn’t recommended for women or anyone with pituitary adenomas, as accuracy drops significantly. When using GHRP‑2, consider timing with menstrual cycles and avoid use in the presence of functional adenomas.
Summary
The study looked at whether a ghrelin‑like peptide test (GHRP‑2) can replace the insulin tolerance test (ITT) for checking how well the adrenal glands work. Overall, the two tests were moderately linked, but the GHRP‑2 test missed many cases and wasn’t reliable for most people. However, in men who don’t have a pituitary tumor, the GHRP‑2 test was almost as accurate as the ITT.
Abstract
GH-releasing peptide 2 (GHRP2) stimulates the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA) through the GH secretagogue receptor (GHSR) in the hypothalamus, in which ghrelin is a natural ligand. Therefore, the GHRP2 test (GHRP2T) could be used instead of the insulin tolerance test (ITT). Can the GHRP2T replace the ITT for evaluation of HPA? The present retrospective study analyzed the clinical features and laboratory data from 254 patients admitted for evaluation of hypopituitarism who underwent both GHRP2T and ITT. We analyzed the association between the maximum cortisol level (Fmax) during both tests. Adrenocortical insufficiency was diagnosed by ITT. The suitability of GHRP2T was examined using the receiver operating characteristic curve. A strong correlation was found between Fmax measured using both tests (<i>r</i> = 0.777, <i>P</i> < 0.0001). However, the sensitivity (64%) and specificity (79%) showed that the GHRP2T was not suitable for clinical use. Various factors influenced the correlation, probably through their effects on ghrelin and/or GHSR, including functional adenoma (<i>P</i> < 0.05) and sex (<i>P</i> < 0.05). No substantial correlation was found between Fmax measured using both tests in patients with prolactinoma (n = 30). The exclusion of patients with functional adenoma revealed no factors that affected the association in male patients; however, age and menstruation significantly influenced it in female patients (<i>P</i> < 0.05). Analysis of the data from male subjects without functional adenoma (n = 104) showed high sensitivity (95%) and specificity (85%) for the GHRP2T. ITT can be substituted with GHRP2T for assessment of HPA in male patients free of functional adenoma.
Study Information
pubmed
2018
2018-06-26T00:00:00.000Z
10.1210/js.2018-00102
8
30