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Pralmorelin, Growth Hormone Releasing Peptide-2, KP-102
A synthetic hexapeptide that mimics ghrelin to stimulate growth hormone release from the pituitary gland via GHS receptors.
Veldhuis. Johannes D JD; Bowers. Cyril Y CY
The study shows that the ability of GHRP-2 (a growth‑hormone‑releasing peptide) to boost GH when paired with a GHRH drug depends on age, belly fat, and IGF‑1 levels. Older men and those with more visceral fat get less GH boost, while higher IGF‑1 and IGFBP‑3 improve it. Basal (non‑pulsatile) GH also rises with higher testosterone and estradiol.
Veldhuis. Johannes D JD; Bowers. Cyril Y CY
In a tightly controlled study where men’s testosterone and estrogen levels were kept constant, researchers found that younger men released more growth hormone (GH) than older men when given GHRP‑2 or GHRH. More importantly, the amount of belly fat (visceral fat) was a strong negative predictor of how well these GH‑releasing peptides worked, while higher IGF‑1 levels boosted the response to GHRP‑2. This means that body composition, not just age or sex hormones, can shape how effective GHRP‑2 is at raising GH.
Asakura. Yumi Y; Toyota. Yuko Y; Muroya. Koji K; Adachi. Masanori M
The study shows that a single low dose of GHRP‑2 (2 µg per kg, given IV) reliably triggers a growth‑hormone surge in kids, matching the gold‑standard insulin tolerance test. Kids with true GH deficiency had much lower peak GH levels, and a cutoff of about 15 µg/L separates deficient from normal. The test is quick (under an hour) and safe, making GHRP‑2 a practical tool for checking GH function.
Kageyama. Kazunori K; Kushibiki. Mihoko M; Hanada. Komaki K; Sakihara. Satoru S; Yasujima. Minoru M;...
The study shows that GHRP‑2, a peptide many biohackers use to boost growth hormone, also directly triggers the pituitary gland to release and make more ACTH, the hormone that tells the adrenal glands to produce cortisol. This effect happens through two cell‑signalling pathways (PKA and PKC), meaning GHRP‑2 can raise cortisol levels as a side‑effect, not just indirectly.
Sigalos. John T JT; Pastuszak. Alexander W AW; Allison. Andrew A; Ohlander. Samuel J SJ; Herati. Ami...
In a small group of men on testosterone, taking 100 µg of the growth‑hormone‑releasing peptide GHRP‑2 (or GHRP‑6) together with a GH‑releasing hormone analog three times a day for about four months raised their IGF‑1 levels by roughly 50 %. The boost was smaller when they were also on aromatase inhibitors or tamoxifen, suggesting estrogen pathways matter.
Veldhuis. Johannes D JD; Keenan. Daniel M DM
In healthy men, giving the peptide GHRP‑2 together with GHRH (or with arginine to block somatostatin) makes each growth‑hormone burst happen faster and releases a lot more GH – up to about 40‑times more than normal. The number of bursts doesn’t change, just their size and speed, and this works even when testosterone is briefly lowered.
Kamoi. Kyuzi K; Minagawa. Shinichi S; Kimura. Keita K; Ishizawa. Masahiro M; Ohara. Nobumasa N; Uemu...
In healthy men, a single IV dose of GHRP‑2 spikes growth hormone (GH), ACTH and prolactin, especially when taken after an overnight fast, but it does NOT raise the water‑balance hormone vasopressin (AVP). Blood pressure, blood‑cell volume and plasma osmolality stay unchanged.
Laferrère. Blandine B; Abraham. Cynthia C; Russell. Colleen D CD; Bowers. Cyril Y CY
In a small study, giving healthy men a steady low‑dose injection of the peptide GHRP‑2 for about 4½ hours made them eat roughly 36% more food without changing what they ate, and it also caused a big rise in growth hormone levels.
Veldhuis. Johannes D JD; Hudson. Susan B SB; Erickson. Dana D; Bailey. Joy N JN; Reynolds. George An...
In healthy women, both age and estrogen levels shape how strongly the body releases growth hormone when stimulated with GHRP‑2. Older, post‑menopausal women produce less GH than younger women, but giving extra estrogen boosts the response. GHRP‑2 works better than the classic hormone GHRH, especially when estrogen is low, and belly fat mainly dampens the GHRH effect, not the GHRP‑2 effect.
Doi. Naomi N; Hirotani. Chiharu C; Ukai. Kiyoharu K; Shimada. Osafumi O; Okuno. Tadashi T; Kurasaki....
GHRP‑2 (KP‑102) is a strong synthetic peptide that makes the body release growth hormone (GH) more effectively than the natural hormone GHRH, especially when you’re awake. It works in rats and dogs, isn’t blocked much by the body’s own GH‑suppressing hormone somatostatin, and needs the brain’s median eminence (where GHRH lives) to reach its full effect. Short‑term use (3 weeks) can boost growth and slightly increase body and organ weight, while also nudging up stress hormones (ACTH and corticosterone) but not prolactin.
Veldhuis. Johannes D JD; Keenan. Daniel M DM; Bailey. Joy N JN; Miles. John M JM; Bowers. Cyril Y CY
In healthy young men whose testosterone was temporarily knocked down, both GHRH and the peptide GHRP‑2 still caused a strong rise in growth hormone. GHRP‑2 was especially reliable, working no matter how low the sex hormones were, how much belly fat they had, or what their IGF‑1 levels were. This suggests you can use GHRP‑2 to boost GH even when you’re low on testosterone, at least in the short term.
Gondo. R G RG; Aguiar-Oliveira. M H MH; Hayashida. C Y CY; Toledo. S P SP; Abelin. N N; Levine. M A...
The study shows that the peptide GHRP‑2 can still raise growth hormone (GH) levels even in people who lack a working GHRH receptor, although the increase is much smaller than in normal individuals. Other hormones like ACTH, cortisol, prolactin, and TSH weren’t affected, suggesting a fairly clean hormonal profile.
Erickson. Dana D; Keenan. Daniel M DM; Farhy. Leon L; Mielke. Kristi K; Bowers. Cyril Y CY; Veldhuis...
In healthy pre‑menopausal women, having normal estradiol levels makes the GH‑boosting peptide GHRP‑2 work better. When estrogen was kept steady, the women showed higher fasting GH, bigger GH bursts, and a faster GH release after taking GHRP‑2 (especially with arginine). Extra belly fat reduced this effect, so leaner bodies respond more strongly.
Wideman. L L; Weltman. J Y JY; Patrie. J T JT; Bowers. C Y CY; Shah. N N; Story. S S; Veldhuis. J D...
In healthy men and women, taking a large dose of L‑arginine (30 g) together with a small dose of GHRP‑2 (about 1 µg per kg body weight) creates a strong, more‑than‑additive boost in growth hormone (GH). This boost is biggest when you’re at rest; doing a 30‑minute aerobic workout still raises GH but cuts down the extra synergy between the two compounds. Men and women show the same overall boost, but they differ in how fast GH peaks and how long it stays in the blood.
Laferrère. Blandine B; Hart. Allison B AB; Bowers. Cyril Y CY
Giving GHRP‑2 to people makes them eat more and releases more growth hormone, and this works the same way in both lean and obese folks. The more GHRP‑2 you give, the bigger the appetite boost – about a 10% increase at a low dose and a 33% jump at a high dose – without changing how full they feel after a meal.
de Vries. W R WR; Maitimu. I I; Bol. E E; Bowers. C Y CY; Koppeschaar. H P HP
In healthy young men, giving the peptide GHRP-2 during a hard bike workout caused a huge jump in growth hormone levels—much bigger than exercise alone or even when combined with the natural hormone-releasing factor GHRH. The effect was additive, meaning GHRP-2 works as a “booster” on top of the body’s own GH release during intense exercise.
Veldhuis. Johannes D JD; Patrie. James T JT; Brill. Kimberly T KT; Weltman. Judith Y JY; Mueller. Eu...
In healthy middle‑aged adults, the growth‑hormone‑releasing peptide GHRP‑2 triggers a big GH surge, but how big that surge is depends a lot on whether you’re male or female and on your blood levels of testosterone and estradiol. Men generally get a stronger response than women, and people with higher sex‑hormone levels see the biggest GH spikes.
Bowers. C Y CY; Granda-Ayala. R R
In older men and women who have low growth hormone (GH) and IGF‑1, giving the peptide GHRP‑2 can jump‑start GH release. Even a small dose of GHRP‑2 makes the body respond better to a GH‑releasing hormone, and higher doses give a much bigger GH spike. Using a steady low‑dose GHRP‑2 infusion for a month keeps GH pulses and IGF‑1 levels higher than before.
Soares-Welch. Cacia C; Farhy. Leon L; Mielke. Kristi L KL; Mahmud. Farid H FH; Miles. John M JM; Bow...
The study shows that young women release far more growth hormone (GH) than men when stimulated with GHRP‑2 (a ghrelin‑like peptide) and with GHRH, especially when combined with arginine to suppress somatostatin. Hormone levels (estradiol and testosterone) predict how strong the GH response will be, meaning sex hormones shape the effectiveness of these secretagogues.
Veldhuis. Johannes D JD; Evans. William S WS; Iranmanesh. Ali A; Weltman. Arthur L AL; Bowers. Cyril...
In healthy men, a short 3‑week course of testosterone (200 mg IM each week) lowered the body's natural brake on growth hormone (GH) release, raising basal GH levels and helping the hormone bounce back faster after it had been suppressed. However, testosterone also dampened the extra boost you get from a GH‑releasing peptide (GHRP‑2).