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GHRP-2

Pralmorelin, Growth Hormone Releasing Peptide-2, KP-102

A synthetic hexapeptide that mimics ghrelin to stimulate growth hormone release from the pituitary gland via GHS receptors.

Quick Stats
Studies 230
Trials 1
Formula C45H55N9O6
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Utility 3
pubmed 2004

Effect of GHRH and GHRP-2 treatment in vitro on GH secretion and levels of GH, pituitary transcription factor-1, GHRH-receptor, GH-secretagogue-receptor and somatostatin receptor mRNAs in ovine pituitary cells.

Yan. Ming M; Hernandez. Maria M; Xu. Ruwei R; Chen. Chen C

In sheep pituitary cells, both GHRH and the peptide GHRP‑2 boost the production and release of growth hormone (GH). They also quickly change the levels of several receptors and transcription factors that control GH, showing how the two compounds work together at the cellular level.

Utility 3
pubmed Oct 22, 2021

Idiopathic combined adrenocorticotropin and growth hormone deficiency mimicking chronic fatigue syndrome.

Tokumasu. Kazuki K; Ochi. Kanako K; Otsuka. Fumio F

A 42‑year‑old man with years of severe fatigue was found to have both ACTH and growth hormone (GH) deficiencies. A simple test using the peptide GHRP‑2 revealed the GH deficiency, and hormone replacement (hydrocortisone for ACTH and GH therapy) improved his fatigue, muscle pain, and mood. The report suggests that hidden hormone shortages can mimic chronic fatigue syndrome.

Utility 3
pubmed Jul 19, 2005

Ghrelin receptor agonist GHRP-2 prevents arthritis-induced increase in E3 ubiquitin-ligating enzymes MuRF1 and MAFbx gene expression in skeletal muscle.

Granado. Miriam M; Priego. Teresa T; Martín. Ana I AI; Villanúa. Maria Angeles MA; Ló...

In rats with arthritis, the muscle‑wasting signals MuRF1, MAFbx and inflammatory TNF‑alpha go up, but giving the ghrelin‑like peptide GHRP‑2 for a week stops that rise and lifts overall IGF‑1 levels. This suggests GHRP‑2 can blunt muscle breakdown during chronic inflammation, though the work is in animals, not people.

Utility 3
pubmed 2006

Differential regulation of GHRH-receptor and GHS-receptor expression by long-term in vitro treatment of ovine pituitary cells with GHRP-2 and GHRH.

Roh. Sang-Gun SG; Doconto. Maria M; Feng. Dan Dan DD; Chen. Chen C

In sheep pituitary cells, tiny amounts of GHRP‑2 together with low‑dose GHRH boosted growth‑hormone release more than larger doses. Low doses also changed the cells' receptor levels, making them more responsive to future GHRH or ghrelin signals. High doses stopped the benefit and even lowered receptor expression.

Utility 3
pubmed Nov 29, 2012

Urinary growth hormone level and insulin-like growth factor-1 standard deviation score (IGF-SDS) can discriminate adult patients with severe growth hormone deficiency.

Hirohata. Toshio T; Saito. Nobuhito N; Takano. Koji K; Yamada. So S; Son. Jae-Hyun JH; Yamada. Shoko...

The study shows that measuring IGF‑1 levels (adjusted for age and sex) and checking for the presence of growth hormone in first‑morning urine can reliably flag severe adult growth‑hormone deficiency, which is usually confirmed with a GHRP‑2 stimulation test.

Utility 3
pubmed Oct 26, 2004

Anti-inflammatory effect of the ghrelin agonist growth hormone-releasing peptide-2 (GHRP-2) in arthritic rats.

Granado. Miriam M; Priego. Teresa T; Martín. Ana I AI; Villanúa. M Angeles MA; López-...

In rats with arthritis, daily injections of the ghrelin‑like peptide GHRP‑2 reduced joint swelling, lowered inflammatory markers like IL‑6, and helped restore leptin levels, showing it can act as an anti‑inflammatory agent even though it didn’t boost food intake in the sick animals.

Utility 3
pubmed Apr 8, 2017

The Safety and Efficacy of Growth Hormone Secretagogues.

Sigalos. John T JT; Pastuszak. Alexander W AW

Growth hormone secretagogues like GHRP‑2 can boost your body's natural GH pulses, which may help you gain lean muscle, lose fat, improve sleep, and increase appetite. They tend to be well tolerated, but they can make you a bit more insulin‑resistant, so watch your blood sugar. Long‑term safety data, especially regarding cancer risk, are still limited.

Utility 3
pubmed Jan 12, 2005

ACTH releasing activity of KP-102 (GHRP-2) in rats is mediated mainly by release of CRF.

Hirotani. Chiharu C; Oki. Yutaka Y; Ukai. Kiyoharu K; Okuno. Tadashi T; Kurasaki. Shigeru S; Ohyama....

The study shows that the peptide GHRP‑2 (KP‑102) raises ACTH levels in rats mainly by triggering the brain's release of corticotropin‑releasing factor (CRF), not by affecting the pituitary directly or using vasopressin. This means GHRP‑2 can also boost cortisol‑related pathways alongside its well‑known growth‑hormone effects.

Utility 3
pubmed Apr 14, 2011

The effects of ghrelin/GHSs on AVP mRNA expression and release in cultured hypothalamic cells in rats.

Nemoto. Takahiro T; Sugihara. Hitoshi H; Mano. Asuka A; Kano. Toshiko T; Shibasaki. Tamotsu T

The study shows that ghrelin and its synthetic version (KP-102) boost the production and release of a hormone called AVP in rat hypothalamic cells, which then likely triggers more ACTH and cortisol. This effect depends on the ghrelin receptor and involves another brain chemical, NPY. In plain terms, taking ghrelin‑like peptides may raise stress‑related hormones through a specific brain pathway.

Utility 3
pubmed 2012

History to the discovery of ghrelin.

Bowers. Cyril Y CY

The abstract traces how scientists discovered ghrelin and its related peptides (GHRPs). It shows that GHRP‑2 and similar compounds can boost growth hormone (GH) release, increase hunger, and affect metabolism, especially when used together with GHRH. The peptide works by the same receptor no matter how you take it (injection, oral, nasal, etc.) and has many side effects beyond GH, like possible impacts on the heart, kidneys, and immune system.

Utility 3
pubmed Mar 26, 2016

Investigation of the clinical significance of the growth hormone-releasing peptide-2 test for the diagnosis of secondary adrenal failure.

Arimura. Hiroshi H; Hashiguchi. Hiroshi H; Yamamoto. Kiyoaki K; Shinnakasu. Atsushi A; Arimura. Aiko...

The study shows that giving the peptide GHRP‑2 can trigger the pituitary to release ACTH and raise cortisol levels, and that measuring this response can help diagnose secondary adrenal insufficiency with about 89% accuracy, similar to other hormone tests.

Utility 3
pubmed Apr 27, 2015

One-year intranasal application of growth hormone releasing peptide-2 improves body weight and hypoglycemia in a severely emaciated anorexia nervosa patient.

Haruta. Izumi I; Fuku. Yuki Y; Kinoshita. Kazuhisa K; Yoneda. Koichi K; Morinaga. Akinori A; Amitani...

A 20‑year anorexia patient was given intranasal GHRP‑2 before every meal for about a year. She felt hungrier, ate more, and gained 6.7 kg without noticeable side effects, while her low blood sugar and fatigue improved.

Utility 3
pubmed Dec 5, 2007

GHRP-2, a GHS-R agonist, directly acts on myocytes to attenuate the dexamethasone-induced expressions of muscle-specific ubiquitin ligases, Atrogin-1 and MuRF1.

Yamamoto. Daisuke D; Ikeshita. Nobuko N; Matsubara. Takako T; Tasaki. Hiromitsu H; Herningtyas. Eliz...

The study shows that GHRP‑2, a peptide that activates the ghrelin receptor, can directly lower the muscle‑wasting signals Atrogin‑1 and MuRF1 in rat muscle and cultured muscle cells, even when those cells are exposed to the catabolic hormone dexamethasone. This effect happens without changing IGF‑1 levels, suggesting a direct protective action on muscle fibers.

Utility 3
pubmed Mar 7, 2009

The effect of growth hormone releasing peptide-2 on upper gastrointestinal contractile activity and food intake in conscious dogs.

Kudoh. Katsuyoshi K; Shibata. Chikashi C; Funayama. Yuji Y; Fukushima. Kouhei K; Ueno. Tatsuya T; Ha...

In dogs, the peptide GHRP‑2 doesn’t make the stomach contract on its own, but it temporarily slows down the normal post‑meal muscle movements in the upper gut. This slowing needs alpha‑2 receptors in the gut’s own nervous system. When the vagus nerve is intact, GHRP‑2 also makes the dogs eat more, but it has no appetite‑boosting effect if the vagus nerve is cut.

Utility 3
pubmed 2002

The effect of two-day treatment of primary cultured ovine somatotropes with GHRP-2 on membrane voltage-gated K+ currents.

Chen. Chen C

A lab study on sheep pituitary cells found that treating them with the peptide GHRP-2 for two days makes the cells fire more electrical signals and boosts certain potassium channels. This effect needs a specific cell‑signaling pathway (PKC) and new protein production. The changes could help the cells respond better to the body’s own growth‑hormone‑releasing signals.

Utility 3
pubmed 2000

The effects of growth hormone-releasing peptide-2 (GHRP-2) on the release of growth hormone and growth performance in swine.

Phung. L T LT; Inoue. H H; Nou. V V; Lee. H G HG; Vega. R A RA; Matsunaga. N N; Hidaka. S S; Kuwayam...

In pigs, a single IV dose of GHRP‑2 caused a quick, dose‑dependent spike in growth hormone that fell back to normal after about two hours. Giving the peptide daily under the skin for a month kept hormone levels higher and made the animals grow faster and use feed more efficiently, without changing how much they ate.

Utility 3
pubmed Nov 1, 2000

Pretreatment with growth hormone-releasing peptide-2 directly protects against the diastolic dysfunction of myocardial stunning in an isolated, blood-perfused rabbit heart model.

Weekers. F F; Van Herck. E E; Isgaard. J J; Van den Berghe. G G

In a rabbit heart study, giving GHRP‑2 daily for two weeks before a brief heart blockage helped the heart recover its filling ability (diastolic function) after the blockage, while a similar treatment with growth hormone did not. The protective effect was seen without extra cell death, suggesting GHRP‑2 may act as a heart‑protective agent in stress situations.

Utility 3
pubmed Jul 1, 2005

Short-term testosterone supplementation does not activate GH and IGF-I production in postmenopausal women.

Soares-Welch. Cacia C; Mielke. Kristi L KL; Bowers. Cyril Y CY; Veldhuis. Johannes D JD

In a short 7‑day study, giving postmenopausal women a low or high dose of testosterone raised their blood testosterone levels a lot, but it did NOT increase growth hormone (GH) or IGF‑I levels, nor did it change how the body releases GH when stimulated with GHRP‑2.

Utility 3
pubmed May 19, 2018

Analysis of new growth promoting black market products.

Krug. Oliver O; Thomas. Andreas A; Malerød-Fjeld. Helle H; Dehnes. Yvette Y; Laussmann. Tim T;...

The study found that some black‑market growth‑hormone products are not the standard GH or GHRP‑2 you might expect – they include a slightly longer GH with an extra alanine at the start and versions of GHRP‑2, GHRP‑6 and Ipamorelin that have an extra glycine added. The researchers used high‑resolution mass spectrometry to prove the exact structures and gave early clues about how these modified peptides might be broken down in the body.