LL-37, a natural antimicrobial peptide, can lower the activity of key harmful factors that Pseudomonas aeruginosa uses to cause infection, without stopping the bacteria from growing, when used at low doses. This suggests it might help weaken the bacteria’s ability to cause disease, but the peptide isn’t a typical supplement and the study was done only in lab dishes.

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have shown promise in the treatment of multi-resistant pathogens. It was therefore of interest to analyze the effects of the AMP LL-37 on the regulation of several virulence factors related to the quorum sensing (QS) system of <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) in vitro</i>. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was evaluated by the micro broth dilution method. The expression of QS-related and QS-regulated virulence factor genes was also evaluated. Exotoxin A activity was measured with the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) (Coenzyme I) method; Elastase activity was detected with the elastin-Congo red (ECR) method; Pyocyanin detection was performed using the chloroform extraction method. The effects of LL-37 were assessed by measuring the expression changes of the virulence protein-encoding genes of the strains with quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The MIC of LL-37 against both <i>P. aeruginosa</i> reference strain (ATCC 15692 PAO1) and <i>PA-</i>&#x394;<i>lasI/rhII</i> was therefore determined to be 256 &#xb5;g/mL. LL-37 at sub-minimum inhibitory concentrations (sub-MICs) had no significant effects on <i>P. aeruginosa</i> bacterial growth (P&gt;0.05), but significantly downregulated the expression of all 3 virulence factors. Interestingly, this effect appeared to be dose-related. These findings suggest that LL-37 could be a potential candidate for QS inhibition against bacterial infection and may have significant clinical potential in the treatment of <i>P. aeruginosa</i> biofilms.