Scientists made tiny particles that combine a piece of the human antimicrobial peptide LL‑37 (called CKR12) with a drug called miconazole. These particles kill the fungus Candida albicans better than the drug alone or the peptide alone, by breaking both the fungus's cell wall and membrane.

We previously reported that conjugates of antimicrobial peptide fragment analogues and poly (lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA) enhance antimicrobial activity and that the conjugated micelle structure is an effective tool for antimicrobial drug delivery. In recent years, the delivery of antimicrobial peptides to targets for antimicrobial activity has attracted attention. In this study, we targeted <i>Candida albicans</i>, a causative organism of catheter-related bloodstream infections, which is refractory to antimicrobial agents and is currently a problem in medical practice. We evaluated the antifungal activity of CKR12 (a mutant fragment of the human cathelicidin peptide, LL-37)-PLGA-miconazole (MCZ) micelles using nanotechnology with MCZ delivery. The prepared CKR12-PLGA-MCZ micelles were characterised by measuring dynamic light scattering, zeta potential, dilution stability, and drug release. CKR12-PLGA-MCZ micelles showed higher antifungal activity than CKR12-PLGA micelles and MCZ solution. Furthermore, scanning and transmission electron microscopy suggested that CKR12-PLGA-MCZ micelles disrupted both cell wall and cell membrane of <i>C. albicans</i>. Our results revealed a synergistic effect of antifungal activity using a combination of antimicrobial peptide fragment analogues and MCZ, and that MCZ is a promising tool for the delivery to target microorganisms.