Plasma Protein Layer Concealment Protects <i>Streptococcus pyogenes</i> From Innate Immune Attack.
Jagau. Hilger H; Packirisamy. Swathi S; Brandon. Kyle K; Herwald. Heiko H
Key Findings
- Streptococcus pyogenes can mask its surface with a layer of plasma proteins.
- The protein coating blocks the bactericidal activity of LL-37 and extracellular histones.
- The bacteria can adjust its gene expression to survive in this protected state.
Practical Outcomes
- For anyone thinking about using LL-37 as a supplement or therapeutic, this research suggests that some pathogens can evade its effects, so LL-37 alone may not be enough for infection control. It highlights the need for combined or alternative antimicrobial approaches rather than relying solely on this peptide.
Summary
The study shows that the bacteria Streptococcus pyogenes can cover itself with a thin layer of proteins from blood plasma, which protects it from being killed by the natural antimicrobial peptide LL-37 and by extracellular histones. This means LL-37 isn’t a guaranteed weapon against all infections.
Abstract
Early recognition and elimination of invading pathogens by the innate immune system, is one of the most efficient host defense mechanisms preventing the induction of systemic complications from infection. To this end the host can mobilize endogenous antimicrobials capable of killing the intruder by perforating the microbial cell wall. Here, we show that <i>Streptococcus pyogenes</i> can shield its outer surface with a layer of plasma proteins. This mechanism protects the bacteria from an otherwise lytic attack by LL-37 and extracellular histones, allowing the bacteria to adjust their gene regulation to an otherwise hostile environment.
Study Information
pubmed
2021
2021-05-20T00:00:00.000Z
10.3389/fcimb.2021.633394
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