Expression features of T-lymphocytes, B-lymphocytes and macrophages in the post-traumatic regenerate of the mandible rats under conditions of filling a bone defect with hydroxyapatite-containing osteotropic material and thymalin injecting the surrounding soft tissues.
Boiko. Andrii A AA; Malanchuk. Vladislav A VA; Myroshnychenko. Mykhailo S MS; Markovska. Olena V OV; Shapkin. Anton S AS; Marakushyn. Dmytro I DI
Key Findings
- Thymalin injection increased T‑lymphocyte numbers from day 3 through day 28.
- B‑lymphocyte numbers rose starting on day 14 and continued to increase by day 28.
- Macrophage counts grew early (day 3) and stayed high, with a shift from pro‑inflammatory M1 to reparative M2 phenotypes.
Practical Outcomes
- For DIY health enthusiasts, the study suggests thymalin might enhance bone healing by modulating the local immune response, but the evidence is limited to rats and a specific jaw‑bone model. Until human data are available, any protocol using thymalin for bone repair should be considered experimental and approached with caution.
Summary
In a rat study, injecting the peptide thymalin into the soft tissue around a jaw bone defect that was filled with a hydroxyapatite bone graft boosted local immune cells (T‑cells, B‑cells, and macrophages) and shifted macrophages toward a healing (M2) type. This immune boost was linked to better bone repair in the rats.
Abstract
Aim: The purpose of the study was to determine the features of the expression of T-lymphocytes, B-lymphocytes, macrophages in the post-traumatic regenerate of the mandible rats under conditions of filling a bone defect with hydroxyapatite-containing osteotropic material and thymalin injecting the surrounding soft tissues. Materials and Methods: An experiment was conducted on 48 mature rats of the WAG population weighing 160-180 grams. Four groups were formed. Group 1 included 12 rats with a simulated holey defect in the lower jaw. Group 2 included 12 rats with a simulated holey defect in the lower jaw followed by its closure with hydroxyapatite-containing osteotropic material (bone graft "Biomin GT"). Group 3 included 12 rats with a simulated holey defect in the lower jaw with injecting the surrounding soft tissues with thymalin. Group 4 included 12 rats with a simulated holey defect in the lower jaw followed by its closure with hydroxyapatite-containing osteotropic material (bone graft "Biomin GT") and injecting the surrounding soft tissues with thymalin. The material for the morphological study was a fragment of the lower jaw from the area of the simulated holey defect. An immunohistochemical study was aperformed using monoclonal antibodies to CD68, CD20, CD163, CD86, CD3. Results: A comprehensive experimental and morphological study conducted by the authors revealed that thymalin injection of the soft tissues surrounding the bone defect of the lower jaw, filled with hydroxyapatite-containing osteotropic material "Biomin GT", stimulates local immune reactions in the post-traumatic regenerate, which is manifested, firstly, by an increase in the number T-lymphocytes on the 3rd day of the experiment and their increase up to the 28th day; secondly, by increasing the number of B-lymphocytes on the 14th day of the experiment with their further increase up to the 28th day; thirdly, by increasing the number of macrophages on the 3rd day of the experiment and their growth up to the 28th day; fourth, changes in macrophages phenotypes (decrease in the number of M1-macrophages and increase in the number of M2-macrophages). Conclusions: Stimulation of local immune reactions in the post-traumatic regenerate can be one of the mechanisms that activate reparative osteogenesis in the lower jaw of rats under the conditions of filling bone defects with hydroxyapatite-containing osteotropic material "Biomin GT" and thymalin injecting the surrounding soft tissues.
Study Information
pubmed
2024
10.36740/merkur202402105