Kuznik. B I BI; Shapovalov. K G KG; Smolyakov. Y N YN; Lukyanov. S A SA; Tereshkov. P P PP; Kazantse...
In a study of older COVID‑19 patients, adding the peptide Thymalin to standard care cut hospital death rates from about 41% down to 21% and improved blood markers of clotting and immune health better than the drug Tocilizumab.
Khavinson. V Kh VK; Kuznik. B I BI; Trofimova. S V SV; Volchkov. V A VA; Rukavishnikova. S A SA; Tit...
Adding the thymus‑derived peptide thymalin to regular COVID‑19 treatment helped patients lower inflammation markers (IL‑6, CRP), blood clot risk (D‑dimer), and improve T‑cell numbers faster than standard care alone.
Chernushenko. E F EF; Kadan. L P LP; Kruglova. I F IF; Podgainaia. E A EA
The study found that half of the kids who need a repeat BCG TB vaccine have weak immune systems, especially T‑cells and macrophages. In animal tests, giving them the peptide thymalin (along with sodium nucleinate) helped the vaccine work better, suggesting thymalin might boost immune response in similar human cases.
In a study of 156 people with exercise‑induced chest pain, researchers found that as the disease got worse, a natural protein from the thymus (called thymic factor) dropped and most patients developed high cholesterol. Adding the peptide drug thymalin to their treatment raised thymic factor levels, helped bring cholesterol back to normal, and improved heart muscle function, making the overall therapy work better.
Kalinin. A P AP; Rafibekov. D S DS; Potemkina. E E EE; Shabadin. V N VN
The study looked at people with autoimmune thyroid disease and found that their T‑cell immune system was weakened. Using a blood‑filtering treatment (plasmapheresis) helped a little, but adding the peptide thymalin (and thyroid hormone when needed) gave a lasting improvement in immune cell balance and function over a year.
Dovnar. T E TE; Mikhaĭlova. N A NA; Khavinson. V Kh VKh
A small study gave 21 people with vague lung problems a peptide called thymalin (5 ml per dose, 4‑6 injections per treatment) and saw their immune cells improve, especially the balance of helper and suppressor T‑cells, while other immune measures stayed the same. The treatment also helped the disease run better in those whose phagocytic (cell‑eating) system was still working.
Khmel'nitskiĭ. O K OK; Grintsevich. I I II; Kotov. V A VA; Seryĭ. S V SV
The study found that thymalin, a peptide from the thymus, helped repair immune organs and boost neutrophil activity in people and animals who had their immune systems weakened by radiation, also reducing fatigue. While the research is specific to radiation damage, it hints that thymalin might aid general immune recovery, but the paper doesn’t give dosing details for everyday use.
A study of 66 people with aspirin‑triggered asthma looked at their symptoms and immune status and suggested using thymic extracts like thymalin, along with other supplements, as part of treatment. It also notes that mild cases can try aspirin desensitization.
Boiko. Andrii A AA; Malanchuk. Vladislav A VA; Myroshnychenko. Mykhailo S MS
In rats with a hole in their lower jaw, giving a peptide called thymalin into the surrounding soft tissue while filling the hole with a hydroxyapatite bone graft helped the bone heal faster and more completely. The peptide seemed to clean out dead tissue, boost helpful immune cells, and balance bone‑building and bone‑breaking cells.
Pinelis. I S IS; Pinelis. Y I YI; Kuznik. B I BI; Iordanishvili. A K AK; Vasiliev. M A MA
The paper reviews how peptide bioregulators such as thymalin and related thymic peptides can help treat dental and maxillofacial problems, especially in older adults. It highlights their immune‑modulating and protective effects during trauma, inflammation, and other oral tissue issues, suggesting they could be added to comprehensive dental care plans.
Khmel'nitskiĭ. O K OK; Khavinson. V Kh VKh; Zhukhina. G E GE; Kotov. V A VA; Seryĭ. S V...
In a lab model where blood‑forming cells were suppressed, the thymus‑derived peptide thymalin helped rebuild lymphocyte numbers, the bone‑marrow peptide haemalin boosted granulocyte production, and a mix called thymohaemin restored almost all blood and immune markers and improved overall resistance. The authors suggest these peptides could be tested in humans for helping recover a weakened blood‑forming system.
A long‑term study in over 250 seniors found that taking the peptide drugs thymalin and epithalamin (either alone or together) for a few years lowered the rates of heart disease, high blood pressure, arthritis, osteoporosis and respiratory infections, and cut overall death rates by roughly half compared with untreated people.
Amosova. E N EN; Iaremenko. K V KV; Cherdyntseva. N V NV; Nikolin. V P VP; Ogreba. V I VI
In mouse studies, adding the peptide thymalin to chemotherapy helped slow tumor growth, reduced spread, lengthened the animals' lives, and lessened the immune system suppression usually caused by chemo drugs.
Litvinenko. G I GI; Shurlygina. A V AV; Dergacheva. T I TI; Mel'nikova. E V EV; Trufakin. V A VA
The study looked at women with chronic pelvic infections and found that the immune‑boosting peptide thymalin (and a similar drug, ridostin) works better when the blood cells’ enzyme SDH is active. This enzyme’s activity changes throughout the day, so giving the peptide at the right time could improve outcomes.
Arion. Vitaly Ya. VY; Zimina. Irina V. IV; Lopuchin. Yuri M. YM
The paper reviews the main peptide mixes that come from the thymus gland, like thymosin, thymulin, thymopentin, and thymalin. It looks at past clinical trials, what doses were used, what health issues they might help with, and the pros and cons of each. The authors also talk about where these peptides could be useful in the future.
Kuznetsova. T A TA; Besednova. N N NN; Zaporozhets. T S TS; Smolina. T P TP; Kazha. A K AK; Ivanushk...
The study shows that two peptide drugs, tinrostim (made from squid ganglia) and thymalin, boost immune function in animals. Both increase antibody production, T‑cell activity, and the ability of neutrophils to engulf pathogens, and they raise levels of both pro‑ and anti‑inflammatory signaling molecules. Notably, a ten‑fold lower dose of tinrostim works just as well as a higher dose.
In a small clinical trial, adding thymalin (a short peptide) to a complex treatment for diabetic foot ulcers helped wounds clear debris faster and heal about a week sooner than standard care. The peptide was applied by electrophoresis together with other therapies like laser and antioxidants.
In older mice and rats, the natural daily and seasonal swings in immune cell numbers and antibody levels flatten out. Giving them the thymus‑derived peptide thymalin for many months lifted a key thymic factor in the blood and helped bring back a seasonal spike in antibodies, suggesting thymalin can partly revive age‑related immune rhythms in rodents.
Lin'kova. N S NS; Poliakova. V O VO; Trofimov. A V AV; Sevost'ianova. N N NN; Kvetnoĭ. I M IM
The review compares peptides from the pineal gland (like epithalamin/epitalon) with thymus‑derived peptides (like thymalin). It finds that pineal peptides do a better job at protecting the thymus from age‑related decline than thymalin does for the pineal gland. The main action seems to be through immune‑endocrine signaling that turns on protective proteins.
In adult mice, a single injection of the thymic peptide thymalin caused a quick rise in blood melatonin levels, but this effect depended on the season and didn't happen in older mice. The study suggests thymalin can stimulate the pineal gland in young adults, but its benefits fade with age.