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Thymulin, Thymic Factor, Serum Thymic Factor, Facteur Thymique Serique
A synthetic thymic nonapeptide that modulates immune function by promoting T-cell differentiation and enhancing overall immunity.
Khavinson. Vladimir Kh VKh; Morozov. Vyacheslav G VG
A long‑term study in 266 older adults found that taking the thymus‑derived peptide Thymalin (and the pineal peptide Epithalamin) for a few years helped normalize heart, hormone, immune and nervous system functions, cut the rates of common age‑related diseases, and lowered death rates by roughly half compared with untreated people.
Kuznik. B I BI; Makhakova. G Ch GCh; Morozov. V G VG; Pisarevskaia. L I LI; Khavinson. V Kh VKh
In rats, the peptide thymalin lowered how easily platelets clump together, which could mean less risk of unwanted blood clots. When the rats' thymus was removed, they had more platelets and those platelets stuck together more, but giving them thymalin brought those numbers back toward normal.
Kuznik. B I BI; Tsybikov. N N NN; Molchanova. N L NL; Morozov. V G VG; Khavinson. V Kh VKh
In rats that had their thymus removed, blood clotting became too fast and the ability to break down clots slowed down. Giving them a low‑molecular‑weight thymic peptide (similar to thymalin) for five days mostly fixed these blood‑clotting problems.
Chukhlovina. M L ML; Tsinzerling. V A VA; Zalkind. L G LG; Polushkina. L I LI; Nilova. L G LG; Mazin...
In mice infected with herpes virus, the drug thymalin helped the immune cells work better and kept liver metabolism more normal, suggesting it has both immune‑boosting and metabolic benefits in this animal model.
Khlystova. Z S ZS; Kalinina. I I II; Shmeleva. S P SP
The study shows that the peptide thymalin is naturally present in young skin and lining cells but disappears as those cells mature and as we get older, similar to what happens in the thymus. This suggests thymalin is linked to youthful cell activity, but the paper doesn’t test any treatments or give dosage advice.
Musienko. G V GV
A tiny study of 15 people with early‑stage Parkinson's disease gave them the peptide thymalin and saw modest improvements in overall well‑being, tremor, stiffness and movement speed, plus some brain‑wave changes that the authors think mean better brain function.
Ryzhak. A P AP; Chalisova. N I NI; Lin'kova. N S NS; Khalimov. R I RI; Ryzhak. G A GA; Zhekalov. A N...
Researchers tested tiny amounts of Thymalin and other tissue‑derived peptides on rat brain, liver, heart and other cell cultures from young and old animals. At 20‑50 ng/ml the peptides helped the cells grow, boosted a cell‑division marker (PCNA) and lowered a stress‑related protein (p53). Thymalin also increased markers of B‑cell development (CD5, CD20).
Zhaboiedov. H D HD; Bychkova. N H NH; Skrypnik. R L RL; Sydorova. M V MV
The study looked at people with diabetic eye disease and found their T‑cells weren’t working well, so the researchers gave them immune‑boosting drugs like thymalin and adjusted the dose based on each person’s response.
Platonov. I A IA; Anashchenkova. T A TA; Andreeva. T A TA
In rats, messing with thyroid hormones changes how brain swelling happens, and giving a mix of drugs—including the peptide thymalin—seemed to lower brain tissue density (a sign of less swelling) compared to untreated animals. However, this is early animal work, not a proven human protocol.
Kopchak. V M VM; Khomiak. I V IV; Stasenko. A A AA; Todurov. I M IM; Kopchak. K V KV
A tiny study of 18 people with severe pancreas inflammation used the peptide thymalin as part of a treatment mix. About two‑thirds got better without surgery, a few developed cysts, and the rest needed an operation, but everyone survived.
Nesterova. Irina V. IV
The article is a broad review of many immune‑boosting drugs, including thymalin, but it doesn’t give new experimental data or clear dosing advice, so it offers only a general confirmation that thymalin is used as an immunomodulator.
Labunets'. I F IF
In a mouse study, giving the peptide thymalin didn’t boost the age‑related decline in a thymus‑related hormone or stress hormone after a vaccine‑type challenge, especially in older mice.
Talyshinskiĭ. A M AM; Garaev. A R AR
The study looked at people with long‑lasting ear infections and found that their immune system was weakened, especially in severe cases. Adding the peptide thymalin helped boost general and local immune defenses, reduced inflammation, and aided healing of ear tissue, while standard antibiotics and surgery did not fix the immune problems.
Krylova. N V NV; Leonova. G N GN
The study tested 14 immune‑boosting compounds on cells infected with tick‑borne encephalitis virus. It found that the virus lowers certain immune‑cell receptors, but some drugs can protect or restore them. Thymalin, especially when paired with human interferon, showed the strongest effect in the treatment‑type experiments, though the work was done only in lab dishes, not people.
Kostina. Z I ZI; Brazhenko. N A NA; Gerasimova. E V EV; Alekseev. D Iu DIu; Kol'nikova. O V OV; Bala...
The study looked at many sarcoidosis patients and found that those with recurring lung disease had low T‑cell counts and high immune complexes, indicating weak immune responses. Adding the peptide thymalin (along with other adaptogens) seemed to boost the immune system, shorten treatment, and improve outcomes, but the research is limited to a specific disease group.
Pylaeva. S I SI; Gordinskaia. N A NA; Vazina. I R IR; Sidorkin. V G VG; Bushuev. Iu I IuI
In a mouse burn‑injury study, giving the immune‑boosting peptide thymalin (and similar compounds) at the normal recommended amount didn’t change infection or survival, but a single larger “course” dose cut the death rate from about 80% to 47% by stopping the infection from spreading.
Pozdniakov. O M OM; Kobozeva. L P LP; Michunskaia. A B AB; Khabarina. I Iu IIu; Klimenko. E D ED
The study found that giving the peptide thymalin (along with vitamin E) helped fix hormone‑related problems in the brain‑pituitary‑thyroid‑adrenal system of early‑stage atherosclerosis, which in turn improved blood‑fat balance, cut oxidative damage, and slowed artery plaque buildup.
Chudnaia. L M LM; Frolov. A F AF; Oksiiuk. V G VG; Krasiuk. L S LS; Moroz. L V LV; Afanas'eva. S M S...
In mice given a diphtheria vaccine, adding certain immune‑boosting substances (including thymalin) led to higher antibody levels than the vaccine alone, especially when given before vaccination. The strongest effects were seen with splenin and prodigiosan injected under the skin, and with dibasol and methyluracyl taken orally.
Chalisova. N I NI; Khavinson. V Kh VKh; Penniiaĭnen. V A VA; Grigor'ev. E I EI
In a lab study using rat thymus and spleen pieces, the peptide thymalin (at 5 ng/ml) helped the tissues grow when the rats were a few weeks old, but other similar peptides sometimes slowed growth in newborn tissue. Adding these peptides to another immune‑stimulating compound reduced that compound’s effect. The work shows age‑dependent immune effects in rats, but it’s far from a human guide.
Khudzik. L B LB; Salina. T Iu TIu; Parolina. L E LE
In a study of 553 people with severe lung TB, doctors tried immune‑boosting drugs called thymalin, thymogen, and interferon, alone or together. The combo of thymogen plus interferon worked best early on, especially after the scar tissue in the lungs started to heal, but patients still ended up with noticeable lung damage.