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Sermorelin, Growth Hormone Releasing Hormone (1-29), hGRF(1-29)NH2
A synthetic peptide analog of growth hormone-releasing hormone that stimulates the pituitary gland to secrete growth hormone.
Ichinose. M M; Sawada. M M; Maeno. T T
The study shows that the brain‑gut peptide VIP can dial down the ability of mouse immune cells (macrophages) to eat foreign particles, and that a short piece of VIP (the C‑terminal part) is needed for this effect. A related peptide, GRF‑1‑29, which blocks VIP, only weakly reduces this eating activity.
Hammon. H H; Blum. J W JW
In newborn calves, giving growth‑hormone‑releasing factor (GRF‑1‑29) under the skin or into a vein reliably raised growth hormone levels, no matter what they ate. Feeding colostrum (the first milk) boosted the calf’s own IGF‑I, while a synthetic IGF‑I version (Long‑R3‑IGF‑I) only worked when injected, not when taken by mouth. Giving extra bovine growth hormone also raised IGF‑I, but injecting Long‑R3‑IGF‑I actually lowered it.
Hanew. K K; Tanaka. A A; Utsumi. A A; Sugawara. A A; Abe. K K
Giving a GHRH‑blocking version of the GRF‑1‑29 peptide at night lowers the natural GH surge that usually happens in the evening, while giving it in the morning does not change GH levels. Other pituitary hormones stay the same.
Lanes. R R; Carrillo. E E
A study gave children who lack growth hormone a daily injection of a synthetic hormone‑releasing peptide (GHRH‑1‑29). Most kids who responded grew about twice as fast as before, and the treatment didn’t cause side‑effects or change blood sugar or fats, even though some developed antibodies.
Haramati. A A; Lumpkin. M D MD; Mulroney. S E SE
In rats that had one kidney removed, the body quickly released a lot more growth hormone (GH) for about a day, which helped the remaining kidney grow larger. When researchers gave the rats a drug that blocks the signal that makes GH release (a GRF‑1‑29 antagonist), the GH spike was reduced and the kidney didn't grow as much. The effect was short‑lived, dropping back toward normal after two days.
Aizawa. H H; Inoue. H H; Shigyo. M M; Takata. S S; Koto. H H; Matsumoto. K K; Hara. N N
In human airway tissue, adding the peptide VIP didn't change how the airway muscles contracted, but blocking VIP with specific antagonists made the muscles contract more strongly by increasing the release of acetylcholine, a nerve signal that tightens the airway.
Harvey. R W RW; Armstrong. J D JD; Heimer. E P EP; Campbell. R M RM
In this cattle study, scientists vaccinated steers against the hormone‑releasing peptide GRF‑1‑29. The vaccinated animals grew less, weighed less at slaughter, and were less efficient at turning feed into body mass, while their meat quality (marbling) was also slightly lower. Food intake didn’t change, so the effect was due to the hormone block, not less eating.
Srivastava. C H CH; Breyer. P R PR; Rothrock. J K JK; Peredo. M J MJ; Pescovitz. O H OH
In rats, a version of the growth‑hormone‑releasing hormone (GHRH) that is naturally made in the testis can activate Sertoli cells – the support cells for sperm – by raising cAMP levels and turning on certain genes. This effect is blocked by a specific GHRH antagonist, showing the response is truly GHRH‑driven. The study is basic science done in isolated rat cells, not in people, and it doesn’t test any dosing regimen or health benefit.
Rekasi. Z Z; Schally. A V AV
The paper describes a lab test that measures how well certain growth‑hormone‑releasing‑hormone (GHRH) blockers stop the pituitary gland from releasing growth hormone. It shows the test is more sensitive than older methods and that the blockers work better when they are given before the hormone, but it does not give any human‑use guidelines.
Robberecht. P P; De Neef. P P; Waelbroeck. M M; Camus. J C JC; Scemama. J L JL; Fourmy. D D; Pradayr...
The study looked at how different gut‑related hormones, including the growth‑hormone‑releasing peptide GRF‑1‑29, turn on a signaling enzyme in human pancreas tissue. It found that secretin is the strongest activator, while GRF‑1‑29 barely does anything, and that the pancreas has very specific secretin receptors that don’t fully explain the activity of other hormones.
Hakoda. H H; Ito. Y Y
The study looked at how a peptide called VIP (and related blockers) affects nerve signals that make airway muscles contract in dogs and cats. It found that higher doses of VIP can calm these muscles by making the cells less excitable and reducing the strength of nerve‑driven contractions, but it doesn’t change how the muscles respond to acetylcholine directly.
Wakade. T D TD; Blank. M A MA; Malhotra. R K RK; Pourcho. R R; Wakade. A R AR
In rats, a protein called VIP (vasoactive intestinal polypeptide) acts like a messenger in the adrenal gland, helping release stress hormones (catecholamines) especially when nerve signals are slow. Blocking VIP with a specific peptide (GRF‑1‑29 amide) cuts this hormone release, while the usual messenger acetylcholine takes over when nerve signals are fast.
Luo. D D; McKeown. B A BA
In a lab study using rainbow trout pituitary cells, the researchers found that the hormone somatostatin blocks the ability of a growth‑hormone‑releasing factor (GRF‑1‑29) to stimulate growth hormone release. This blocking effect is non‑competitive, meaning somatostatin interferes with the GRF signal in a way that can't be easily overcome by simply adding more GRF.
Cox. H M HM; Cuthbert. A W AW
In rats, three gut peptides (VIP, PHI, helodermin) cause the intestine to release ions, and they likely work through the same receptor. Scientists tried two growth‑hormone‑releasing‑factor (GRF) peptides and two other compounds to block VIP, but none acted as true blockers, so they aren't useful as selective VIP antagonists in this tissue.
Miao. F J FJ; Lee. T J TJ
The study shows that cat and rat brain arteries are wired with nerves that release acetylcholine (ACh) and VIP, which can make the vessels widen or tighten depending on the dose. VIP makes the arteries relax even without the inner lining, and a synthetic peptide called GRF‑1‑29 blocks this effect. The findings are mostly basic science about how blood vessels are controlled in animals.
Wheeler. M D MD; Wehrenberg. W W WW; Styne. D M DM
In baby rhesus monkeys, the body’s own growth‑hormone‑releasing hormone (GHRH) is important for making growth hormone (GH) right after birth, but its influence drops off after the first week. Blocking GHRH with an antibody or a short‑acting antagonist lowered GH levels in the first few days, but not later.
Mulroney. S E SE; Lumpkin. M D MD; Roberts. C T CT; LeRoith. D D; Haramati. A A
In young rats that had one kidney removed, the usual spike in growth hormone (GH) that adults show did not happen. Even when researchers blocked GH with a drug, the remaining kidney still grew and showed a big rise in IGF‑I and its receptor, suggesting that early kidney regrowth can happen without GH and is driven by IGF‑I.
Simpson. R B RB; Armstrong. J D JD; Harvey. R W RW
Giving a growth‑hormone‑releasing peptide (GRF‑1‑29) to pregnant cows a week before they gave birth raised their growth‑hormone levels, made them lose more weight after birth, and delayed the return of their ovarian cycles, while milk output stayed the same. The study was done in beef heifers, not people.
Lapierre. H H; Tyrrell. H F HF; Reynolds. C K CK; Elsasser. T H TH; Gaudreau. P P; Brazeau. P P
In a study on growing beef steers, giving the synthetic peptide GRF‑1‑29 (a growth‑hormone‑releasing factor) twice daily boosted protein (nitrogen) retention and lowered waste of energy in the urine and feces, but it didn’t improve overall energy efficiency and actually raised heat production. The results show the peptide can shift the body’s energy use toward building protein rather than storing fat, but the research was done in cattle, not people.
Mulroney. S E SE; Lumpkin. M D MD; Haramati. A A
In young rats, blocking growth hormone release with a synthetic peptide (GRF‑AN) made their kidneys respond to parathyroid hormone (PTH) by dumping more phosphate in the urine, similar to how adult rats behave. Normally, growing rats don’t excrete much phosphate when given PTH, likely because growth hormone keeps phosphate in the body for bone growth.