An antimicrobial peptide of the cathelicidin family that provides innate immune defense by killing pathogens and modulating inflammation and wound healing.
Pezzanite. Lynn L; Chow. Lyndah L; Griffenhagen. Gregg G; Dow. Steven S; Goodrich. Laurie L
The study compared horse stem cells grown in three different blood‑serum mixes: the usual fetal bovine serum (FBS) and two types of horse serum (from the same horse or another horse). Cells grown in FBS grew a bit faster and released more immune‑signalling molecules, including the antimicrobial peptide LL‑37, than cells grown in horse serum. There was no big difference between using a horse’s own serum versus another horse’s serum.
Freire. Rafael V M RVM; Pillco-Valencia. Yeny Y; da Hora. Gabriel C A GCA; Ramstedt. Madeleine M; Sa...
The study shows that the human antimicrobial peptide LL‑37 can stick to model bacterial membranes made of POPG lipids, bend them, and turn tiny bubble‑like vesicles into mixed micelles. This helps explain how LL‑37 might kill bacteria by breaking up their outer layer.
Bankell. Elisabeth E; Dahl. Sara S; Gidlöf. Olof O; Svensson. Daniel D; Nilsson. Bengt-Olof BO
The study shows that the antimicrobial peptide LL‑37 can kill human bone‑like cells by making their membranes leaky and triggering a type of cell death that doesn’t use the usual caspase enzymes. This effect happens at micromolar concentrations and is similar to what a detergent does to cells.
The study shows that psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is driven in part by the immune system attacking the body, including making antibodies against a protein called LL-37. Genetic factors and immune cell changes also play a role, and drugs that block calcineurin/mTOR pathways seem to help.
Nagaoka. Isao I; Tamura. Hiroshi H; Reich. Johannes J
In a mouse model of severe infection, the natural peptide LL‑37 helped the animals survive by calming down harmful inflammation and boosting the immune system's ability to trap and kill bacteria. The study shows LL‑37 can block a type of inflammatory cell death and encourage immune cells to release antibacterial structures, but all the work was done in mice, not people.
Zhou. Qiulian Q; Pan. Li-Long LL; Xue. Ruicong R; Ni. Gehui G; Duan. Yi Y; Bai. Yuzheng Y; Shi. Chao...
Researchers found that people with sudden heart failure have lower blood levels of the antimicrobial peptide LL‑37, and that giving the mouse version of this peptide (CRAMP) to mice with heart problems helps protect their hearts. The protective effect seems to work by calming down a stress pathway called NF‑κB. However, the study only tested mice, not humans, and didn’t give any dosing advice.
LL-37 is a natural peptide that helps fight infections but can also trigger inflammation and auto‑immune problems like psoriasis and lupus. It can both help and hurt virus infections, so changing its levels may affect disease outcomes.
Sabzevari. Reza R; Roushandeh. Amaneh Mohammadi AM; Mehdipour. Ahmad A; Alini. Mauro M; Roudkenar. M...
Scientists made a gel that slowly releases a protein called LL‑37, taken from specially engineered stem cells, and tested it on rat skin wounds. The gel was safe, absorbed fluid, and helped the wounds close faster than usual, but the work is still only in animals and needs more testing before people can use it.
Kumagai. Yumi Y; Murakami. Taisuke T; Iba. Toshiaki T; Reich. Johannes J; Nagaoka. Isao I
In mice with severe infection, giving the natural antimicrobial peptide LL-37 helped the body release tiny vesicles from neutrophils that contain extra antibacterial proteins, lowering the amount of bacteria and improving survival. The study shows LL-37 can boost this innate defense, but it’s all in animal models, not yet tested in people.
Zhang. Lulu L; Wei. Xubiao X; Zhang. Rijun R; Mozdziak. Paul E PE; Si. Dayong D; Ahmad. Baseer B; Ch...
Scientists created a new hybrid peptide called LTPa by mixing parts of two known immune‑boosting peptides (TP5 and LL‑37). In lab tests and in mice with a weakened immune system, LTPa activated a key immune sensor (TLR2), improved immune organ size, helped immune cells mature, and raised important immune signals. The work shows the peptide can fight immunosuppression in animals, but it’s still far from being a safe, proven supplement for people.
Friberg. Cathrine C; Haaber. Jakob Krause JK; Vestergaard. Martin M; Fait. Anaëlle A; Perrot. V...
The study found that a natural human protein called LL‑37 can make MRSA bacteria less sensitive to the antibiotic vancomycin, raising the amount needed to stop growth by about 75%. This effect was seen at normal body levels of LL‑37 and made the bacteria grow faster even when low doses of vancomycin were present, reducing the drug’s overall effectiveness in a model infection.
Aghazadeh. Hossein H; Ganjali Koli. Mokhtar M; Ranjbar. Reza R; Pooshang Bagheri. Kamran K
Scientists used computer simulations to see how a short piece of the LL-37 peptide, called GF-17, interacts with bacterial cell membranes. They found GF-17 can slip into the membrane, especially ones that are negatively charged, without changing the membrane’s thickness, and it becomes more compact and rigid. This helps explain why GF-17 might kill bacteria, but the work is purely theoretical.
Najmi. Ziba Z; Kumar. Ajay A; Scalia. Alessandro C AC; Cochis. Andrea A; Obradovic. Bojana B; Grassi...
The study tested two antimicrobial peptides, Nisin and LL‑37, to see if they can keep joint‑repair scaffolds from getting infected. They found that Nisin at about 75 µg/ml is safe for human stem cells and kills several common bacteria better than LL‑37, even in 3‑D cartilage‑like models.
Ruiz Ramírez. Andrea Virginia AV; Flores-Saiffe Farías. Adolfo A; Chávez Álvarez...
Researchers used a computer tool to find DNA variants near the gene that makes the antimicrobial peptide LL‑37 and other psoriasis‑related genes. Six variants looked like they could change how much of these proteins are made, and some of them match data from public gene‑expression databases. The study suggests new drug targets and possible genetic tests to predict who will respond to existing psoriasis medicines.
Yang. Binbin B; Good. David D; Mosaiab. Tamim T; Liu. Wei W; Ni. Guoying G; Kaur. Jasmine J; Liu. Xi...
LL-37 is a tiny protein that helps our immune system fight germs and can also affect inflammation and cancer. It can act in two opposite ways: sometimes it ramps up the immune response and fights infections or tumors, and other times it calms inflammation but might help cancer grow. The review just outlines these mixed effects without giving clear guidance on how to use LL-37 in everyday health routines.
Yeaman. Michael R MR; Chan. Liana C LC; Mishra. Nagendra N NN; Bayer. Arnold S AS
The study looked at how a common mouth bacteria (Streptococcus mitis-oralis) becomes resistant to the antibiotic daptomycin and whether that resistance also makes it less vulnerable to the human immune peptide LL‑37. While the resistant strain still binds daptomycin, it shows a small group of cells that take up a lot more of the drug. Both the normal and resistant bacteria react similarly to LL‑37, meaning the resistance to daptomycin doesn’t automatically make the bacteria tougher for LL‑37 to kill.
Scientists discovered that a tiny, positively‑charged protein made by a virus that infects bacteria (called gp28) works a lot like the human antimicrobial peptide LL‑37. This viral protein helps break open the outer layer of bacteria so the virus can burst out, and it can replace other bacterial‑killing proteins in experiments. The study shows that LL‑37‑style peptides can act as powerful membrane‑disrupting agents, but the work is still basic research on bacteria, not a human health protocol.
Hunold. Katherine M KM; Schwaderer. Andrew L AL; Exline. Matthew M; Hebert. Courtney C; Lampert. Bre...
A small study looked at older adults in the emergency room with breathing trouble and tested whether blood levels of the natural peptide LL‑37 (and other antimicrobial peptides) could help tell if they have pneumonia. The researchers found that LL‑37 and a couple of other peptides showed some promise as markers, but the results are still early and not ready for everyday use.
Yanagisawa. Takahiro T; Ishii. Masakazu M; Takahashi. Manami M; Fujishima. Kei K; Nishimura. Masahir...
LL-37, a natural antimicrobial peptide, was shown in lab cells to boost the growth and movement of lymph‑vessel cells by turning on the ERK and Akt pathways through a receptor called FPRL1.
Chen. Sihu S; Ye. Wanding W; Zheng. Weikun W; Xu. Zhiwei Z; Chen. Yiping Y; Jin. Longteng L
Infants with whooping cough tend to have lower vitamin D levels but higher natural antimicrobial peptides (LL‑37 and HBD‑2) in their blood. The study shows the body can raise these peptides during infection even when vitamin D is low, and there’s no clear link between the two.