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Cathelicidin, hCAP-18, FALL-39, CAP-18
An antimicrobial peptide of the cathelicidin family that provides innate immune defense by killing pathogens and modulating inflammation and wound healing.
Yang. Tingting T; Li. Jun J; Jia. Qinqin Q; Zhan. Shisheng S; Zhang. Qiannan Q; Wang. Yarong Y; Wang...
A lab-made short version of the natural peptide LL-37, called 17BIPHE2, was shown to kill lung cancer cells in dishes and slow tumor growth in animals by triggering cell death pathways and messing with a signaling route called ERK.
Soldati. Kahena R KR; Toledo. Felipe A FA; Aquino. Sabrina G SG; Rossa. Carlos C; Deng. Dongmei D; Z...
Smoking cuts down key natural antibiotics (LL‑37 and HNP 1‑3) in the gum fluid of people with gum disease, which can weaken the mouth's first‑line defense and worsen inflammation.
Cheah. Chia Wei CW; Al-Maleki. Anis Rageh AR; Vadivelu. Jamuna J; Danaee. Mahmoud M; Sockalingam. Sa...
The study found that people with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and gum disease have higher levels of the immune peptide LL‑37 in saliva and blood, and these levels link to inflammation markers and gum health. It suggests that checking oral health and possibly LL‑37 levels could help manage overall inflammation, especially for RA patients.
Nguyen. Hai Le Thanh HLT; Trujillo-Paez. Juan Valentin JV; Umehara. Yoshie Y; Yue. Hainan H; Peng. G...
The paper reviews how the skin’s protective barrier is broken down in eczema and points out that natural antimicrobial proteins like LL‑37 can help tighten the barrier’s “tight junctions,” which may reduce infections and inflammation. It suggests that adding such peptides could be a new way to improve skin health in eczema, but the evidence is still mostly theoretical and comes from early‑stage studies.
Ma. Jing-Yi JY; Shao. Shuai S; Wang. Gang G
The paper explains that the antimicrobial peptide LL-37 (and a few others) is found in high amounts in psoriasis skin and can stir up the immune system, linking the body’s first‑line defenses to longer‑term immune responses. This helps explain why psoriasis flares, but it doesn’t give direct tips on how to use LL-37 for health or performance.
Nielsen. Josefine Eilsø JE; Bjørnestad. Victoria Ariel VA; Pipich. Vitaliy V; Jenssen. H&#...
Scientists found that natural antimicrobial peptides like LL‑37 don’t need to punch holes in cell membranes to work. Even at low levels they speed up the movement of lipids inside the membrane, causing the membrane’s fat composition to scramble, which can lead to cell death in bacteria. This effect happens without major structural changes to the membrane.
Rathnayake. Kavini K; Patel. Unnati U; Pham. Chi C; McAlpin. Anna A; Budisalich. Travis T; Jayawarde...
Scientists built a tiny particle that carries the antibiotic colistin and uses the natural peptide LL‑37 to home in on Pseudomonas bacteria. The particle releases most of the drug faster when the bacteria are present, killing the bugs more effectively while sparing human cells. The approach works in lab tests but needs advanced manufacturing, so it isn’t something you can try at home yet.
Gontsarik. Mark M; Yaghmur. Anan A; Salentinig. Stefan S
Scientists made tiny carriers from fats that can hold the antimicrobial peptide LL‑37 and release it when the surrounding pH changes. By mixing the fats in different ratios they can shift the pH at which the carrier breaks apart, from about pH 7.8 down to pH 6.3, matching the acidity of various infections. This work is mostly about how the carriers behave, not about how to use LL‑37 yourself.
Holani. Ravi R; Babbar. Anshu A; Blyth. Graham A D GAD; Lopes. Fernando F; Jijon. Humberto H; McKay....
LL‑37, a natural antimicrobial peptide, helps gut cells sense bacterial LPS and triggers an immune signal (IL‑8) that calls in neutrophils. This effect happens at very low levels, far below what’s needed to kill microbes, showing LL‑37 also works as an immune regulator in the colon.
Chessa. Céline C; Bodet. Charles C; Jousselin. Clément C; Wehbe. Michel M; Lévêq...
Human skin cells make a peptide called LL‑37 that can both kill viruses directly and help the immune system fight them. This review gathers evidence that LL‑37 and other skin‑made peptides work against many common viruses.
Liu. Liping L; Beck. Christian C; Nøhr-Meldgaard. Katrine K; Peschel. Andreas A; Kretschmer. Do...
The study shows that blocking the bacterial ATP‑energy machine makes Staph aureus more vulnerable to some of our own natural antimicrobial proteins, like LL‑37, and even helps immune cells kill the bugs better. A common plant compound, resveratrol, can block this bacterial machine and boost the effect. However, the work is done in lab bacteria, not humans, so it’s more a proof‑of‑concept than a ready‑to‑use hack.
Huo. Shicheng S; Chen. Chi C; Lyu. Zhuocheng Z; Zhang. Shutao S; Wang. You Y; Nie. Bin'en B; Yue. Bi...
Scientists made a new hybrid peptide called TAT‑KR‑12 that can slip into human cells and kill the bad bacteria Staphylococcus aureus, which often hides inside cells and causes hard‑to‑treat infections. In lab dishes and in mice, this peptide cleared the bacteria, reduced inflammation, and didn’t hurt the host cells.
Huang. Wei W; Jiao. Jinyu J; Liu. Ju J; Huang. Meng M; Hu. Yanyan Y; Ran. Wenzhuo W; Yan. Li L; Xion...
The study shows that in diabetes, immune cells release more sticky webs called NETs that keep inflammation high and slow wound healing. A protein called MFG-E8 can calm this inflammation and speed up healing, while a related peptide (LL‑37) can actually fuel the bad loop. Giving extra MFG‑E8 in mice helped wounds close faster, but the research is still early and not a ready‑to‑use supplement.
Murray. Benjamin Oliver BO; Dawson. Robin Andrew RA; Alsharaf. Lolwah Mohammad LM; Anne Winter. Jody...
The study shows that tiny bubbles released by Helicobacter pylori (called outer‑membrane vesicles) help the bacteria survive harsh conditions, including the body’s natural antimicrobial peptide LL‑37 and some antibiotics. These vesicles act like shields, letting the bugs keep growing even when you try to kill them with certain drugs or the immune system’s defenses.
Lin. Ming-Feng MF; Lin. Yun-You YY; Lan. Chung-Yu CY
The study looked at how the bacteria Acinetobacter baumannii forms sticky communities called biofilms and tested several chemicals, including the natural peptide LL‑37, to see if they could stop this. They found that LL‑37, along with some antibiotics and tannic acid, lowered the bacteria’s ability to make biofilms, while low doses of another drug, tigecycline, actually made biofilm formation worse. The work mainly shows which genes help the bacteria build biofilms and which compounds can interfere with that process.
Park. Hye Ree HR; Oh. Jee Hye JH; Lee. Yu Jin YJ; Park. Song Hee SH; Lee. Yang Won YW; Lee. Seongju...
The study shows that different skin fungi (Malassezia species) can trigger inflammation in skin cells and change the levels of natural antimicrobial proteins like LL‑37. Some species boost inflammation pathways, while others affect immune signaling molecules. This suggests that the type of Malassezia on your skin could influence skin immunity and inflammation.
Alecu. Mihail M; Coman. Gabriela G; Mușetescu. Alina A; Coman. Oana Andreia OA
This review explains that the antimicrobial peptide LL‑37, which normally helps fight infections, can also trigger inflammation in psoriasis by forming complexes with DNA that activate immune cells, especially the Th17/IL‑23 pathway. It highlights that LL‑37 is a key link between innate immunity and the skin disease.
van Riet. Sander S; van Schadewijk. Annemarie A; de Vos. Steve S; Vandeghinste. Nick N; Rottier. Rob...
In lab experiments, a type of immune cell called M(GM‑CSF) macrophages helped airway cells boost their defenses and heal faster, even when exposed to cigarette smoke. These macrophages also produced more of the antimicrobial peptide LL‑37, which is known to aid repair. The findings suggest that activating this macrophage pathway might support lung health, but the work is still early and done only in cell cultures.
Burkes. Robert M RM; Ceppe. Agathe S AS; Couper. David J DJ; Comellas. Alejandro P AP; Wells. J Mich...
A study of people with COPD found that those with low levels of the natural antimicrobial peptide LL‑37 in their blood tended to have worse lung function at the time of testing, but low LL‑37 didn’t predict faster decline or more flare‑ups over time.
Pineda Molina. Catalina C; Hussey. George S GS; Liu. Alvin A; Eriksson. Jonas J; D'Angelo. William A...
The study shows that a naturally occurring molecule called 4‑hydroxybutyrate (4HB) can make immune cells produce more of the antimicrobial peptide LL‑37, which helps fight infections. This boost happens through a specific cell receptor (GPR109A) and a chain of signals inside the cell, not by blocking a usual gene‑silencing enzyme. While the work was done in mouse cells, it suggests that 4HB‑based materials (like certain surgical meshes) might lower infection risk after surgery.