An antimicrobial peptide of the cathelicidin family that provides innate immune defense by killing pathogens and modulating inflammation and wound healing.
Elenius. Varpu V; Palomares. Oscar O; Waris. Matti M; Turunen. Riitta R; Puhakka. Tuomo T; Rück...
The study found that higher vitamin D and E levels are linked to fewer allergies, while vitamin A may help fight viruses. The antimicrobial peptide LL‑37 was tied to lower levels of certain immune cells that drive inflammation. However, the research doesn’t give clear ways to boost LL‑37 or specific dosing advice for everyday use.
Koneru. Lahari L; Ksiazek. Miroslaw M; Waligorska. Irena I; Straczek. Anna A; Lukasik. Magdalena M;...
The study shows that a gum‑disease bacterium makes an enzyme called mirolysin that can cut up the human immune peptide LL‑37, stopping it from killing bacteria and binding harmful toxins. This means that bad oral bacteria can weaken one of our natural defenses.
The study shows that the antimicrobial peptide LL-37 can actually help skin squamous cell cancer cells grow and spread by turning on a protein called dbpA through the NF‑κB pathway, and blocking this pathway or the protein reduces the cancer‑like behavior.
The study found that people with a certain autoimmune disease (AAV) have higher levels of the antimicrobial peptide LL‑37 and the immune signal IFN‑α, and that exposing immune cells to LL‑37 (especially together with DNA fragments called CpG‑ODN) makes them release even more IFN‑α and produce auto‑antibodies. This suggests LL‑37 can boost inflammation in people prone to autoimmunity.
Majewski. Karol K; Żelechowska. Paulina P; Brzezińska-Błaszczyk. Ewa E
The study measured the natural antimicrobial peptide LL‑37 in blood and found it’s much higher in people with lung infections—especially tuberculosis—compared to healthy folks.
Scientists attached the natural antimicrobial peptide LL‑37 (and a synthetic version called CSA‑13) to tiny magnetic particles. This combo killed several Candida yeast strains even better than the free peptides, worked in body‑like fluids, stopped biofilm formation, and didn’t hurt bone‑cell growth, showing it’s safe in the lab.
Chouhan. Dimple D; Janani. G G; Chakraborty. Bijayashree B; Nandi. Samit K SK; Mandal. Biman B BB
Scientists made a thin, stretchy dressing that slowly releases the antimicrobial peptide LL‑37 and a special silk protein from a non‑mulberry silkworm. In diabetic rabbits, this dressing helped wounds close faster, grew new blood vessels and skin more quickly, and made the healed skin stronger than standard dressings.
Ahn. Mija M; Gunasekaran. Pethaiah P; Rajasekaran. Ganesan G; Kim. Eun Young EY; Lee. Soo-Jae SJ; Ba...
Researchers made a tiny synthetic peptide called Py11 that kills tough bacteria better than the natural peptide LL‑37 and the bee‑sting peptide melittin. It’s more stable in the body, works even in salty conditions, breaks down bacterial membranes, stops biofilm formation, and reduces inflammation caused by bacterial toxins. However, it’s still a lab‑only compound and not something you can buy or safely use yet.
Tran. Diana Hoang-Ngoc DH; Wang. Jiani J; Ha. Christina C; Ho. Wendy W; Mattai. S Anjani SA; Oikonom...
A study found that the blood level of the natural peptide LL‑37 goes down when ulcerative colitis or Crohn's disease gets worse, and higher levels are linked to better recovery and lower risk of intestinal narrowing. Checking LL‑37 together with the usual inflammation marker CRP gives a clearer picture of gut inflammation than CRP alone.
Mihailovic. Peter M PM; Lio. Wai Man WM; Yano. Juliana J; Zhao. Xiaoning X; Zhou. Jianchang J; Chyu....
In mice that are prone to artery plaque buildup, a short piece of the natural antimicrobial protein CRAMP (the mouse version of human LL‑37) can act like a self‑antigen. Giving a low dose of this peptide reduced plaque formation, while a high dose made plaques worse and attracted more immune cells.
Pogoda. Katarzyna K; Piktel. Ewelina E; Deptuła. Piotr P; Savage. Paul B PB; Lekka. Małg...
The study shows that the human antimicrobial peptide LL-37 (and similar synthetic compounds) makes bacterial cells temporarily harder (stiffer) before they become softer, and this change depends on how much of the compound is used and how long it’s applied. Measuring how stiff bacteria get could be a new way to track how well these membrane‑targeting antimicrobials work.
Nordström. Randi R; Nyström. Lina L; Andrén. Oliver C J OCJ; Malkoch. Michael M; Umer...
The study shows that negatively charged microgel particles can hold a lot of the antimicrobial peptide LL‑37 and keep it safe from enzymes that would break it down. However, the microgels themselves don’t kill bacteria – the peptide has to be released first. Releasing the peptide faster (by using a shorter version or a less strongly charged microgel) makes the antibacterial effect stronger, and the formulation appears safe for red blood cells.
Scientists made a new hybrid antimicrobial peptide called ML H by mixing parts of three known peptides (including LL‑37). They produced it in bacteria, purified it, and showed it can kill common bugs like E. coli and Staph aureus in lab tests.
Vilas Boas. Liana Costa Pereira LC; de Lima. Lídia Maria Pinto LM; Migliolo. Ludovico L; Mendes...
The study tested 10 lab-made antimicrobial peptides and found that two of them, LL‑37 (a human peptide) and Pa‑MAP (from a fish), can block viruses in cell experiments – LL‑37 stopped Aichi virus by about 96% and Pa‑MAP stopped herpes simplex virus‑1 by about 90%. The other peptides didn’t work well.
Kim. Soung Min SM; Eo. Mi Young MY; Cho. Yun Ju YJ; Kim. Yeon Sook YS; Lee. Suk Keun SK
In patients with a serious jaw bone infection, researchers tracked healing by measuring proteins in wound fluid after surgery. They saw a small rise in the antimicrobial peptide LL‑37 along with other immune signals, while inflammation markers linked to bacteria went down. By day two, proteins that help build new bone and tissue were higher, suggesting the wound was healing well.
Ordonez. Soledad R SR; Veldhuizen. Edwin J A EJA; van Eijk. Martin M; Haagsman. Henk P HP
LL-37 is a natural peptide in our lungs that can kill fungi in lab tests, but the real lung environment – with its salt levels, acidity, and mucus – can weaken this effect. Other lung proteins also help fight fungi, but we still don’t know how they work together with LL-37 in the body.
Pinheiro da Silva. Fabiano F; Machado. Marcel Cerqueira César MC
LL-37 is a natural peptide that kills microbes and also signals the immune system, but it can either increase or decrease inflammation depending on the situation. Lab studies show that giving extra LL-37 from outside doesn’t always act like the body’s own version, and its effects change with the disease environment.
The study shows that RNase 7, a natural skin protein, helps immune cells in the skin spot DNA from our own cells and from bacteria much faster, leading to a strong antiviral signal that can block herpes virus infection. It works better than other similar skin peptides like LL‑37.
Xie. Shanshan S; Spelmink. Laura L; Codemo. Mario M; Subramanian. Karthik K; Pütsep. Katrin K;...
The study shows that cinobufagin, a compound from the traditional medicine Chan‑Su, can dampen certain immune cell activations while also boosting the release of natural antibiotics like LL‑37 from neutrophils, making immune cells better at killing bacteria. However, cinobufagin is a potent toxin and not proven safe for self‑administration, so the findings are more about understanding mechanisms than giving a ready‑to‑use supplement protocol.
LL-37 is a natural peptide made by immune cells and gut lining that helps fight infections and supports healing. In ulcerative colitis, its levels are higher in both sick and healthy tissue, while in Crohn's disease its levels don't change. Animal and early human studies suggest LL-37 can protect the gut, hinting it might become a future treatment for inflammatory bowel disease.