An antimicrobial peptide of the cathelicidin family that provides innate immune defense by killing pathogens and modulating inflammation and wound healing.
Gonzalez-Curiel. Irma I; Marin-Luevano. Paulina P; Trujillo. Valentin V; Enciso-Moreno. Jose A JA; G...
The study shows that vitamin D (calcitriol) can lower certain inflammation markers in blood vessel cells, but it doesn’t change the levels of the antimicrobial peptide LL‑37 or genes linked to new blood‑vessel growth. This suggests vitamin D might help keep blood vessels from getting inflamed, though the work was done in a lab dish, not in people.
Chesdachai. Supavit S; Zughaier. Susu M SM; Hao. Li L; Kempker. Russell R RR; Blumberg. Henry M HM;...
Vitamin D can make immune cells produce more of the antimicrobial peptide LL‑37, but the common TB drugs (isoniazid, rifampicin, pyrazinamide, ethambutol) can blunt this boost. In a small trial, TB patients who took a high dose of vitamin D did not show higher LL‑37 levels. For most healthy biohackers not on TB meds, vitamin D still likely raises LL‑37, but the effect may be blocked if you’re taking those specific antibiotics.
The study suggests that sunlight can hurt the tiny microbes living on our skin, releasing warning signals that may start a rash called polymorphic light eruption (PLE). These signals boost skin proteins like LL‑37 that fight microbes but also kick‑start immune reactions. Using skin creams with DNA‑repair enzymes from microbes seemed to lower the rash, hinting that keeping the skin’s microbiome healthy might help prevent PLE.
Alvarez. Jessica A JA; Grunwell. Jocelyn R JR; Gillespie. Scott E SE; Tangpricha. Vin V; Hebbar. Kir...
In sick kids, having enough vitamin D was linked to a healthier balance of a molecule called cysteine, which suggests less oxidative stress, but those kids also had lower levels of glutathione and glutamine, key antioxidants. The immune peptide LL‑37 didn’t change with vitamin D levels. The findings hint that vitamin D can affect redox balance, but the mixed results mean it’s not a clear guide for supplementation yet.
Pu. Yuji Y; Du. Yu Y; Khin. Mya Mya MM; Ravikumar. Vikashini V; Rice. Scott A SA; Duan. Hongwei H; C...
Scientists created a simple way to make a synthetic peptide mixture that looks like the natural antimicrobial peptide LL‑37. The mixture (called KLS‑3) kills a range of harmful bacteria, including tough strains like MRSA, at low microgram concentrations in lab tests. However, the study only shows lab‑based antibacterial activity and doesn’t give guidance on how to use it in people.
A study looked at how oral vaccines affect gut antimicrobial peptides like LL‑37. It found that live bacterial vaccines (typhoid and ETEC) temporarily lowered LL‑37 and some defensins, while a rotavirus vaccine did not. Taking a short‑term multi‑micronutrient supplement didn’t change these peptide levels.
Kim. S-Y SY; Chang. B B; Jeong. B-H BH; Park. H Y HY; Jeon. K K; Shin. S J SJ; Koh. W-J WJ
The study looked at people with a lung infection caused by non‑tuberculous mycobacteria and measured vitamin D levels, the antimicrobial peptide LL‑37, and related genes. They found that while the genes that make LL‑37 were more active in patients, the actual amount of LL‑37 in the blood didn’t change, and vitamin D levels didn’t predict LL‑37 or other immune markers. In short, boosting vitamin D isn’t likely to raise LL‑37 levels or help with this lung disease.
Christiansen. Stig Hill SH; Zhang. Xianwei X; Juul-Madsen. Kristian K; Hvam. Michael Lykke ML; Vad....
The study shows that the MS drug glatiramer acetate (GA) and the natural peptide LL‑37, both positively charged and amphipathic, can quickly kill human immune cells by damaging their membranes in a way that needs sialic acid. This cell‑killing effect is linked to the peptides forming small clusters (oligomers). For DIY health enthusiasts, it signals that using similar cationic peptides could unintentionally suppress immune function if not carefully dosed.
Uhlmann. Julia J; Rohde. Manfred M; Siemens. Nikolai N; Kreikemeyer. Bernd B; Bergman. Peter P; Joha...
The study shows that low doses of the natural peptide LL‑37 don’t kill the strep bacteria that cause throat infections, but instead cause the bugs to release tiny vesicle‑like particles packed with bacterial toxins that trigger strong inflammation.
Nylén. Frank F; Bergman. Peter P; Gudmundsson. Gudmundur H GH; Agerberth. Birgitta B
The researchers created a lab test that can quickly check which chemicals boost the body's natural antibiotic peptide LL‑37. While the study itself doesn't give a new supplement or dosage, it shows a way to find more LL‑37‑raising compounds beyond the known ones like vitamin D3 and phenylbutyrate.
Xhindoli. Daniela D; Pacor. Sabrina S; Benincasa. Monica M; Scocchi. Marco M; Gennaro. Renato R; Tos...
LL-37 is a natural human peptide that can kill microbes, signal the immune system, help heal wounds, and affect blood vessel growth, all thanks to its simple helix shape that can form pores in cell membranes. The paper explains how its structure and tendency to clump together drive these effects, but it doesn’t give dosing advice or direct ways to use it as a supplement.
In lab tests, adding the natural peptide LL‑37 to human immune cells infected with TB bacteria changed the cells' signaling: it lowered some inflammation signals (TNF‑α, IL‑17) and raised anti‑inflammatory signals (IL‑10, TGF‑β) without stopping the cells from fighting the bacteria. This shows LL‑37 can tweak the immune response, but the work was done only in a dish, not in people.
Durnaś. Bonita B; Wnorowska. Urszula U; Pogoda. Katarzyna K; Deptuła. Piotr P; Wąt...
The study compared the natural human peptide LL‑37 to synthetic compounds called ceragenins and found that the ceragenins kill drug‑resistant Candida fungi more effectively, especially when the fungi form protective biofilms. LL‑37 still damages fungal cell membranes, but it’s less potent than the synthetic versions.
Bandurska. Katarzyna K; Berdowska. Agnieszka A; Barczyńska-Felusiak. Renata R; Krupa. Piotr P
LL-37 is a natural human peptide that can kill a wide range of germs, break down biofilms, help wounds heal, and even affect cancer cells, but it can also sometimes promote tumor growth. The review suggests it could become a drug ingredient, but there’s no clear recipe for how to use it yourself yet.
The study found that a natural immune molecule called LL‑37 can bind to leaked mitochondrial DNA, forming a complex that avoids the cell’s cleanup system and triggers inflammation that worsens artery plaque. In mice, this complex made atherosclerosis worse, while an antibody that blocks it reduced plaque buildup.
Harcourt. Jennifer L JL; McDonald. Melissa M; Svoboda. Pavel P; Pohl. Jan J; Tatti. Kathleen K; Hayn...
The study shows that the natural antimicrobial peptide LL‑37 can block RSV (a common cold‑like virus) from infecting airway cells when it’s mixed with the virus before exposure, but it doesn’t work well after infection has started. This suggests LL‑37 might be useful as a preventive spray or rinse, though more research is needed before anyone should try it.
The study shows that the immune‑boosting peptide LL‑37 can be chemically altered by a common by‑product of inflammation called cyanate. This modification, called carbamylation, happens fast and changes the peptide’s shape, sometimes turning its anti‑inflammatory effects into pro‑inflammatory ones.
The study found that smokers with chronic gum disease have lower levels of the antimicrobial peptide LL‑37 in their gum fluid compared to non‑smokers, and that a standard deep‑cleaning treatment lowered LL‑37 in non‑smokers but not in smokers. In healthy gums, smoking didn’t change LL‑37 levels. This suggests smoking hampers the natural immune response in diseased gums and may blunt the benefits of routine periodontal cleaning.
Zhang. Xianwei X; Bajic. Goran G; Andersen. Gregers R GR; Christiansen. Stig Hill SH; Vorup-Jensen....
The study shows that the natural antimicrobial peptide LL‑37 can stick tightly to a immune‑cell receptor called Mac‑1, which helps white blood cells eat and destroy germs. This binding makes cells stick better and boosts their ability to swallow particles, suggesting LL‑37 can enhance innate immune function, but the work is done in lab dishes, not in people.
The human peptide LL‑37 can kill the drug‑resistant bug Acinetobacter baumannii better than some other natural antimicrobials, and it does this by sticking to a surface protein called OmpA, which also helps the bacteria stick to surfaces. Removing OmpA makes the bacteria even more vulnerable to LL‑37.