An antimicrobial peptide of the cathelicidin family that provides innate immune defense by killing pathogens and modulating inflammation and wound healing.
Researchers created a new peptide called SR-0379 that works like the natural antimicrobial peptide LL‑37. In lab tests and rat wound‑healing studies, it helped skin cells grow, boosted blood‑vessel formation, and killed bacteria, speeding up healing especially in diabetic or infected wounds. However, it’s still experimental and not available for personal use.
Meguro. Shu S; Tomita. Masuomi M; Katsuki. Takeshi T; Kato. Kiyoe K; Oh. Henpiru H; Ainai. Akira A;...
In people with type 2 diabetes, higher blood levels of the antimicrobial peptide LL‑37 are linked to lower “good” HDL cholesterol and higher inflammation markers. The study doesn’t test any LL‑37 supplement or treatment, it just shows a correlation.
Strempel. Nikola N; Neidig. Anke A; Nusser. Michael M; Geffers. Robert R; Vieillard. Julien J; Lesou...
The study found that the human antimicrobial peptide LL‑37, at normal body levels, can actually make the bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa more aggressive and harder to kill with common antibiotics. This means that taking LL‑37 or similar peptides might unintentionally boost harmful bacterial activity rather than protect you.
Tangpricha. Vin V; Judd. Suzanne E SE; Ziegler. Thomas R TR; Hao. Li L; Alvarez. Jessica A JA; Fitzp...
In a study of young people with HIV, the antimicrobial peptide LL-37 was measured alongside vitamin D levels. Overall LL-37 levels were similar to healthy peers, but people on antiretroviral therapy (ART) had higher LL-37 than those not yet on treatment. Vitamin D was linked to LL-37 only in the healthy group, not in the HIV group, while higher LL-37 was associated with better CD4 immune cell counts in those on ART.
Frew. Lorraine L; Makieva. Sofia S; McKinlay. Andrew T M AT; McHugh. Brian J BJ; Doust. Ann A; Norma...
The study shows that the antimicrobial peptide LL‑37 is naturally present in the cervix, especially when bacterial imbalance occurs, and that vitamin D forms can boost its production in cervical cells, though blood vitamin D levels don’t predict its amount. Adding synthetic LL‑37 makes cervical cells release inflammation signals, suggesting it can both help and hurt host defense.
Nakamichi. Yuko Y; Horibe. Kanji K; Takahashi. Naoyuki N; Udagawa. Nobuyuki N
LL-37 is a natural antimicrobial peptide that not only kills microbes but also calms inflammation and can block bone‑breaking cells triggered by bacterial toxins, especially in the mouth and bone marrow. Researchers think it could become a drug for conditions like gum disease, but there’s no clear dosing or home‑use recipe yet.
Baumann. Arnaud A; Démoulins. Thomas T; Python. Sylvie S; Summerfield. Artur A
Researchers found that a pig-derived antimicrobial peptide called PMAP-36 can grab DNA or RNA and shove it into a type of immune cell (plasmacytoid dendritic cells), causing those cells to release a lot of interferon‑alpha, an important antiviral signal. The effect works fast, doesn’t need the peptide’s usual shape, and also helps the cells react to bacteria that normally wouldn’t trigger a response.
Wang. Guangshun G; Mishra. Biswajit B; Epand. Raquel F RF; Epand. Richard M RM
The paper explains the 3‑D shape of the human antimicrobial peptide LL‑37 and shows how its structure lets it kill bacteria, break down biofilms, and block some viruses. It highlights which parts of the molecule are most important for sticking to bacterial membranes and DNA.
Sun. Wenyan W; Zheng. Yan Y; Lu. Zhuoyang Z; Wang. Hui H; Feng. Zhihui Z; Wang. Juan J; Xiao. Shengx...
LL-37, a natural protein made by our bodies, can calm down skin inflammation by boosting the health of mitochondria (the cell's power plants) through a pathway called mTOR. In lab-grown skin cells, adding LL-37 lowered the levels of inflammatory signals and helped keep mitochondria working well, but the study didn’t test real-world doses or delivery methods.
Paranjape. Shruti M SM; Lauer. Thomas W TW; Montelaro. Ronald C RC; Mietzner. Timothy A TA; Vij. Nee...
A lab study in mice and cultured cystic fibrosis cells shows that the synthetic peptide WLBU-2 can kill Pseudomonas bacteria and briefly boost inflammation signals that help clear infection, but it didn’t change all inflammation markers and the work is still early‑stage animal research.
Langfeldt. Daniela D; Neulinger. Sven C SC; Stiesch. Meike M; Stumpp. Nico N; Bang. Corinna C; Schmi...
The study shows that the mix of bacteria living in your mouth can change how much of the natural antibiotic peptide LL‑37 and other immune molecules your gum cells make. Certain bacteria (like Prevotella) boost some defenses, while others (like Streptococcus) reduce them, meaning your oral microbiome influences your innate immunity.
Takiguchi. T T; Morizane. S S; Yamamoto. T T; Kajita. A A; Ikeda. K K; Iwatsuki. K K
The study shows that the natural antimicrobial peptide LL‑37 can boost the skin's antiviral defenses by working together with double‑stranded RNA signals to increase interferon‑beta production and reduce herpes virus infection in lab‑grown skin cells.
The human antimicrobial peptide LL-37 can block a type of inflammatory cell death (pyroptosis) that is triggered by bacterial components (LPS) and danger signals (ATP). It does this by both stopping LPS from sticking to cells and by preventing the ATP‑driven P2X7 receptor from activating the death pathway.
Wan. Min M; van der Does. Anne M AM; Tang. Xiao X; Lindbom. Lennart L; Agerberth. Birgitta B; Haeggs...
The study shows that the human antimicrobial peptide LL-37 can boost the ability of immune cells (macrophages) to engulf and destroy bacteria. It does this by increasing certain receptors on the cells that help recognize and eat microbes. However, the research is done in lab cells and mice, and it doesn't give guidance on how to use LL-37 in real life.
The study shows that the human antimicrobial peptide LL-37 can damage the cell wall of the fungus Candida albicans and change the fungus's gene activity, suggesting it could be used as an antifungal treatment.
The study shows that the human antimicrobial peptide LL‑37, at low, non‑toxic concentrations, makes gum‑lining cells produce more of the signaling molecule IL‑8, which attracts neutrophils (a type of immune cell) to sites of inflammation in the mouth.
Miyoshi. Shin-Ichi S; Ikehara. Hiroto H; Kumagai. Mika M; Mizuno. Tamaki T; Kawase. Tomoka T; Maehar...
The study shows that the natural gut peptide LL-37 can kill two harmful Vibrio bacteria that cause food poisoning, while another gut peptide, HD-5, doesn’t kill the bugs but can block one of their toxins. This suggests our intestines have built‑in defenses against these infections, especially in the large intestine.
Introini. Andrea A; Kaldensjö. Tove T; Hirbod. Taha T; Röhl. Maria M; Tjernlund. Annelie A...
A study looked at how two birth‑control methods – a progesterone IUD and combined oral pills – change the levels of natural antimicrobial proteins in women’s genital tissue. The pills lowered the gene activity of two of these proteins (BD‑2 and trappin‑2) in tissue, but both methods showed similar protein levels in vaginal fluid.
Even though LL‑37 is a natural human antimicrobial peptide, the study shows that when it’s present at low, non‑killing levels it can slip into bacteria, stick to their DNA and cause more mutations. This makes some bugs, like Pseudomonas aeruginosa, turn mucoid (a thick protective coating) and become resistant to antibiotics such as rifampicin, which is a concern for chronic infections like cystic fibrosis.
Neumann. Ariane A; Völlger. Lena L; Berends. Evelien T M ET; Molhoek. E Margo EM; Stapels. Daph...
The study shows that the antimicrobial peptide LL‑37, which is already part of our immune system, can stick to the DNA nets that neutrophils throw at bacteria and protect those nets from being broken down by bacterial enzymes. This protective effect comes from LL‑37’s positive charge, and other similar positively‑charged peptides do the same thing.