An antimicrobial peptide of the cathelicidin family that provides innate immune defense by killing pathogens and modulating inflammation and wound healing.
Pizzutto. Susan J SJ; Upham. John W JW; Yerkovich. Stephanie T ST; Chang. Anne B AB
Kids with chronic lung disease make less of the immune signal IFN‑γ when their blood cells see a common bacteria, and this weaker response is tied to higher levels of inflammation chemicals (IL‑6 and IL‑1β) in their lungs. The study didn’t find a clear link to the antimicrobial peptide LL‑37 and didn’t suggest any new treatments.
Ye. Ying Y; Carlsson. Göran G; Karlsson-Sjöberg. Jenny M T JM; Borregaard. Niels N; Mod&#x...
The study shows that measuring the protein hCAP-18 (the precursor to the antimicrobial peptide LL‑37) in blood can accurately tell apart different causes of low neutrophil counts, especially severe congenital neutropenia, but it doesn’t give any guidance on using LL‑37 as a supplement or treatment.
Trombley. Michael P MP; Post. Deborah M B DM; Rinker. Sherri D SD; Reinders. Lorri M LM; Fortney. Ka...
The research shows that the skin‑bug Haemophilus ducreyi can change its outer surface to dodge being killed by the human antimicrobial peptide LL‑37, but this trick doesn’t make the bug any less harmful in people. In simple terms, the bacteria have a built‑in shield against LL‑37 that could limit the peptide’s usefulness as a stand‑alone antimicrobial.
The study shows that blood‑vessel cells (HUVEC) can make two antimicrobial proteins, hBD3 and RNase7, when hit with certain classic inflammation signals, but they don’t turn on the LL‑37 gene under the same conditions. Th17‑type signals and a common bacterial wall component (LTA) didn’t trigger any of these proteins, and only a particularly aggressive Staph aureus strain’s broth got the cells to make hBD3.
Scientists discovered that the human antimicrobial peptide LL‑37 can stand in for certain blood proteins (apolipoproteins) that the hepatitis C virus normally uses to make infectious particles. By adding LL‑37 to liver cells that lack these proteins, the virus can still form and spread, even in non‑liver cells that normally wouldn't support it.
The study found that people taking the drug cyclosporine A who develop gum overgrowth have higher levels of the antimicrobial peptide LL‑37 in their gum fluid, likely because of more inflammation, while other peptides (HNP1‑3) are generally higher in anyone on immunosuppressants and a third peptide (ADM) doesn’t change. This suggests the gum swelling is linked to immune activity, not a direct effect of the drug on the peptides themselves.
The paper describes a lab technique for moving E. coli bacteria onto microplates without creating aerosol droplets, using a virtual colony count assay and a timing metric to spot contamination. It’s mainly about improving lab safety, not about how LL‑37 works in the body.
People with systemic sclerosis who also have lung disease have much lower levels of the natural peptide LL‑37 in their blood. The study suggests LL‑37 might be linked to lung problems, but it doesn't show how to use this information for treatment or prevention.
Staniec. Dominika D; Ksiazek. Miroslaw M; Thøgersen. Ida B IB; Enghild. Jan J JJ; Sroka. Aneta...
Researchers studied a protein called Tpr from the gum disease bug Porphyromonas gingivalis. Tpr needs calcium to become active and stay stable, and it can break down the human antimicrobial peptide LL‑37 and parts of the complement system, helping the bacteria survive and possibly evade the immune system.
Tuomela. Johanna M JM; Sandholm. Jouko A JA; Kaakinen. Mika M; Hayden. Katherine L KL; Haapasaari. K...
The study shows that certain short DNA pieces can make breast cancer cells more invasive by activating a DNA sensor called TLR9. A natural peptide called LL‑37 helps the cells take up these DNA pieces but surprisingly reduces the invasion they cause. The findings are based on cell‑culture experiments and do not give direct advice for everyday health practices.
Singh. Divyendu D; Vaughan. Robert R; Kao. C Cheng CC
LL-37 is a natural human peptide that can bind double‑stranded RNA and boost a specific immune sensor (TLR3) inside cells, but it only works well in the acidic environment of endosomes and breaks apart after about an hour. A shorter piece of the peptide, LL‑29, can block this boost. Changing the acidity inside cells or stopping certain enzymes can keep LL‑37 around longer, but the study doesn’t give clear ways to use this in everyday health hacks.
Roundy. Lindsi McCoard LM; Jia. Wanjian W; Zhang. Jianxing J; Ye. Xiangyang X; Prestwich. Glenn D GD...
Scientists put the peptide LL-37 into mouse bladders and saw it cause inflammation. They checked several inflammation‑related proteins and genes and found that the RAGE receptor went down, the danger signal HMGB1 went up a bit, and most NF‑κB‑controlled inflammatory genes were strongly increased. This shows LL-37 can trigger bladder inflammation through these pathways.
The study shows that in certain genetic skin disorders, the skin's ability to release the antimicrobial peptide LL‑37 (and other proteins) is messed up, which makes infections and flaky skin more likely. Different disorders affect the delivery system in different ways, but the end result is less LL‑37 reaching the outer skin layer.
Scientists created a fast lab test (using HPLC) that can accurately measure two peptides, gp120 fragment and LL‑37, in gel‑based microbicide products. The test works over a wide concentration range, can spot tiny amounts, and even catches broken‑down peptide pieces that other methods miss.
Hirschfeld. Josefine J; Dommisch. Henrik H; Skora. Philipp P; Horvath. Gabor G; Latz. Eicke E; Hoera...
The study shows that immune cells called neutrophils are drawn into dental plaque and, when they encounter oral bacteria, they release web‑like traps (NETs) that contain antimicrobial proteins like LL‑37. This response varies a lot between people and doesn’t directly match how much plaque they have.
Scientists made a new version of the LL‑37 peptide that only punches holes in cell membranes when the environment is acidic, like inside endosomes. They mixed this peptide into tiny lipid‑coated particles that carry DNA, and these particles delivered genes into cells as well as a common lab reagent (Lipofectamine) but formed more uniform, stable particles.
Simon. D D; Radonjic-Hösli. S S; Straumann. A A; Yousefi. S S; Simon. H-U HU
In people with active eosinophilic esophagitis, immune cells called eosinophils release DNA nets (EETs) that trap microbes. The tissue shows weaker barrier proteins (filaggrin, LEKTI) and higher levels of natural antimicrobial peptides, including LL‑37. The amount of EETs is linked to certain inflammation signals but not directly to LL‑37 levels.
Prevete. N N; Liotti. F F; Visciano. C C; Marone. G G; Melillo. R M RM; de Paulis. A A
The study found that a protein called FPR1 helps keep stomach cancer cells from growing and forming new blood vessels, while turning off FPR1 makes the tumors grow faster. When FPR1 is missing, other proteins like FPR2/3 (which can be triggered by the peptide LL‑37) actually boost factors that promote blood vessel growth. This suggests that boosting FPR1 activity might be a way to fight cancer, but the research doesn’t give any practical steps for everyday use.
Rohde. G G; Message. S D SD; Haas. J J JJ; Kebadze. T T; Parker. H H; Laza-Stanca. V V; Khaitov. M R...
The study looked at how a cold virus makes asthma worse by increasing certain immune chemicals in the lungs. It found that during infection, levels of a protein called IL‑8 and a peptide called HNP 1‑3 go up, pulling more neutrophils (a type of white blood cell) into the airways. The researchers suggest that blocking IL‑8 might help treat virus‑triggered asthma attacks, but the work doesn’t give direct tips for everyday health or performance.
Liu. Runhui R; Suárez. Jose M JM; Weisblum. Bernard B; Gellman. Samuel H SH; McBride. Shonna M...
Scientists created easy‑to‑make synthetic polymers that act like the human peptide LL‑37 and can stop the harmful gut bug C. difficile from growing and from turning spores into active bacteria. These polymers worked as well as LL‑37 and better than some antibiotics, and they were gentler on blood cells.