An antimicrobial peptide of the cathelicidin family that provides innate immune defense by killing pathogens and modulating inflammation and wound healing.
Bozinovski. Steven S; Anthony. Desiree D; Vlahos. Ross R
The paper explains why inflammation stays high in COPD lungs and points out that a natural peptide called LL‑37 can bind to a receptor (ALX/FPR2) that usually helps turn inflammation off. In COPD, this “off‑switch” doesn’t work well, and the authors suggest that designing more stable drug‑like versions of the natural anti‑inflammatory signals could help.
Hensler. Mary E ME; Jang. Kyoung Hwa KH; Thienphrapa. Wdee W; Vuong. Lisa L; Tran. Dan N DN; Soubih....
Anthracimycin is a new marine‑derived compound that can kill MRSA bacteria very quickly in lab tests and even saved mice from deadly infections, but it isn’t a supplement you can buy or use yourself yet.
The study measured the antimicrobial peptide LL‑37 in gum fluid and found it was higher in people with chronic gum disease. In chronic periodontitis, LL‑37 levels were linked to chondroitin sulphate levels, a pattern not seen in aggressive gum disease. This correlation could help dentists tell the two types of gum disease apart.
Vázquez-Sánchez. Ernesto Antonio EA; Rodríguez-Romero. Magdalena M; Sánchez-Torr...
A component from Staphylococcus bacteria (peptidoglycan) makes skin cells produce more of the antimicrobial peptide LL‑37 and a protein called cIAP‑2, which together protect the cells from dying when exposed to an inflammatory signal. This anti‑death effect could help skin cells multiply, which may be relevant to conditions like psoriasis, but it doesn’t translate into a clear health‑boosting protocol for the general biohacker audience.
Castañeda-Delgado. Julio E JE; Cervantes-Villagrana. Alberto A; Serrano-Escobedo. Carmen J CJ;...
The study found that in people who have been exposed to TB but aren’t sick, higher skin‑test or blood‑test results go along with more of the natural antimicrobial proteins LL‑37 and HNP‑1 in their white blood cells. This suggests those proteins might signal who’s more likely to develop active TB, but it doesn’t give a new treatment or supplement plan.
Hua. Xia X; Yuan. Xiaoyong X; Tang. Xin X; Li. Zhijie Z; Pflugfelder. Stephen C SC; Li. De-Quan DQ
Human eye surface cells naturally make antimicrobial proteins called LL-37 and beta‑defensins. When these cells are exposed to dead Candida fungus, they boost the production of these proteins within a few hours, showing a built‑in defense mechanism for the eye.
García-Quintanilla. Meritxell M; Pulido. Marina R MR; Moreno-Martínez. Patricia P; Mart&#x...
The study shows that the human antimicrobial peptide LL‑37 can still kill a tough bacteria (Acinetobacter baumannii) even when the bug becomes resistant to the antibiotic colistin by losing its outer coating, and that another natural protein, lysozyme, works even better against those resistant bugs.
Sakoulas. George G; Guram. Kripa K; Reyes. Katherine K; Nizet. Victor V; Zervos. Marcus M
The study found that a specific MRSA strain (USA600) is better at surviving attacks from the human immune peptide LL-37 and also shows higher resistance to the antibiotic daptomycin, which together are linked to higher death rates in hospitals.
Li. Dong D; Wang. Xuan X; Wu. Jun-Lu JL; Quan. Wen-Qiang WQ; Ma. Li L; Yang. Fan F; Wu. Kai-Yin KY;...
The study shows that a protein released by ovarian cancer cells (versican V1) makes immune cells produce more of the antimicrobial peptide LL‑37, and this extra LL‑37 helps the cancer cells grow and spread, using the TLR2/TLR6 receptors and vitamin D signaling pathways.
The study shows that when skin cells are infected with HSV‑2 (the virus that causes genital herpes), they release a protein called LL‑37. This protein makes certain immune cells in the skin (Langerhans cells) more likely to get infected by HIV by increasing the number of HIV entry receptors on them. So, LL‑37, which is usually thought of as an antimicrobial defender, can actually help HIV spread if you have a herpes infection.
Brannon. John R JR; Thomassin. Jenny-Lee JL; Desloges. Isabelle I; Gruenheid. Samantha S; Le Moual....
The study found that a protein called OmpT in urinary‑tract bacteria can cut up the human antimicrobial peptide LL‑37, but the bacteria usually make only a little OmpT, so this doesn’t make them much more resistant to LL‑37 on its own.
Eini. Amir A; Sol. Asaf A; Coppenhagen-Glazer. Shunit S; Skvirsky. Yaniv Y; Zini. Avi A; Bachrach. G...
The study shows that the human antimicrobial peptide LL‑37 works differently depending on oxygen levels: it kills E. coli better when there’s little oxygen, but is less effective against Strep pyogenes under the same low‑oxygen conditions. The researchers created a way to test these effects in lab plates without oxygen.
Flick-Smith. Helen C HC; Fox. Marc A MA; Hamblin. Karleigh A KA; Richards. Mark I MI; Jenner. Domini...
Giving the human peptide LL‑37 through the nose to mice sparked an early immune response and briefly slowed a deadly bacterial infection, but the mice still died later, showing only a short‑term benefit.
Mishra. Biswajit B; Epand. Raquel F RF; Epand. Richard M RM; Wang. Guangshun G
Researchers studied a tiny piece of the human immune peptide LL-37 called KR-12 and found that swapping out certain positively‑charged building blocks can make it kill bacteria better, but only when the overall molecule is more water‑repelling (hydrophobic). The effect depends on where the swapped parts sit in the peptide’s shape.
Scientists tested a special eye‑drop‑like gel that slowly releases the natural peptide LL‑37 to stop herpes eye infections. The gel helped keep corneal implants in place longer and could block the virus from sticking to cells, but it couldn't fully clear an existing infection. Cells engineered to make LL‑37 also reduced virus spread, but neither method alone stopped the virus completely.
Redfern. Rachel L RL; Patel. Nimesh N; Hanlon. Samuel S; Farley. William W; Gondo. Margaret M; Pflug...
In mice with dry eye, the eye’s immune sensors (TLRs) become more active while the natural antimicrobial peptide LL‑37 (called CRAMP in mice) drops. Adding TLR‑activating substances to the eye makes the cornea swell, lose cells, and get thinner, especially if the surface is already scratched. Similar changes in TLRs and LL‑37 were seen in people with dry‑eye symptoms.
Tang. Aihua A; Caballero. Armando R AR; Marquart. Mary E ME; O'Callaghan. Richard J RJ
A study showed that a protein called PASP, secreted by the bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa, makes eye infections worse by breaking down important host proteins like the immune peptide LL‑37, but removing PASP makes the infection less severe.
The study found that people with a specific kidney inflammation linked to an autoimmune disease have higher blood levels of the natural peptide LL‑37 and the signaling protein IFN‑α, and these levels match how bad the kidney damage is.
Castañeda-Sánchez. Jorge I JI; García-Pérez. Blanca E BE; Muñoz-Duarte. Ana...
The study shows that eye‑area fibroblast cells naturally make the antimicrobial peptide LL‑37 and other defensins, and that different types of mycobacteria (the bacteria that cause TB and related infections) change how much of these peptides and inflammation signals the cells produce. Some bacteria trigger more LL‑37 but aren’t cleared, while others trigger less peptide but are eliminated.
Smyth. Danielle D; Cameron. Ainslie A; Davies. Mark R MR; McNeilly. Celia C; Hafner. Louise L; Sripr...
Scientists discovered that a protein made by a type of strep bacteria (called DrsG) can block the activity of the human antimicrobial peptide LL‑37. This blocking ability is similar to other bacterial proteins, but DrsG does not affect the complement system. The finding shows how some bacteria can protect themselves from our natural defenses.