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Cathelicidin, hCAP-18, FALL-39, CAP-18
An antimicrobial peptide of the cathelicidin family that provides innate immune defense by killing pathogens and modulating inflammation and wound healing.
Agerberth. B B; Grunewald. J J; Castaños-Velez. E E; Olsson. B B; Jörnvall. H H; Wigzell....
The study shows that the natural antimicrobial peptide LL‑37 is part of the lung’s defense system and is found in higher amounts in people with sarcoidosis, which may help explain why these patients rarely get serious lung infections.
Liang. Zhen-yu ZY; Zhao. Hai-jin HJ; Lü. Yan-hua YH; Dong. Hang-ming HM; Liu. Lai-yu LY; Zhu. S...
A small study looked at how levels of the natural peptide LL‑37 change in people with asthma after a month of inhaled steroid/bronchodilator treatment. Overall, LL‑37 went up in the blood and sputum of patients with eosinophilic (allergy‑driven) asthma, but not in those with non‑eosinophilic asthma. The rise didn’t clearly link to better lung function, so it’s unclear if this matters for health or performance.
Golec. M M; Reichel. C C; Lemieszek. M M; Buczkowski. J J; Mackiewicz. B B; Skórska. C C; Dutki...
The study measured the natural antimicrobial peptide LL-37 in lung fluids of people with sarcoidosis, a lung disease, and found higher levels compared to healthy volunteers. This suggests LL-37 may be involved in the disease process, but the research does not test any treatments or give guidance on using LL-37 for health improvement.
The notice you’re looking at is just a correction to a previously published paper and doesn’t contain any new experimental data or practical advice about the LL‑37 peptide.
Albaz. Ali Can AC; Kosova. Funda F; Temeltaş. Gökhan G; Üçer. Oktay O; Müe...
A study measured several blood proteins, including the antimicrobial peptide LL‑37, in people with diabetes‑related urinary leakage, people with leakage but no diabetes, and healthy volunteers. Only one marker, a lipid‑peroxidation product called 4‑HNE, was lower in the diabetic group; LL‑37 and the other proteins showed no meaningful differences.
Vaivads. Mārtiņš M; Pilmane. Māra M
The study looked at how several proteins, including the antimicrobial peptide LL‑37, are present in bone and cartilage tissue from people with facial clefts. It found some changes in stress‑related proteins and collagen, but it doesn’t tell us how to use LL‑37 or any of the other proteins to improve health, performance, or longevity.
Li. Yi Y; Mishra. Nagendra N NN; Chen. Liang L; Manna. Adhar C AC; Cheung. Ambrose L AL; Proctor. Ri...
The study shows that a virus‑derived protein called Gp05 helps MRSA bacteria change their membrane fats, making them harder for the body’s natural antibiotic peptide LL‑37 and for drugs like vancomycin to kill. Removing Gp05 flips the membrane back, so the bacteria become more vulnerable to LL‑37, immune cells, and antibiotics.
Svensson. Daniel D; Nilsson. Bengt-Olof BO
LL-37 is a natural protein in our bodies that can kill a wide range of bacteria and some viruses. It also talks to the immune system, sometimes turning it on and sometimes turning it off. When it builds up to fairly high levels (around 1‑10 micromolar) it can start killing human cells, especially those that are already infected, but at very high levels (like 300 micromolar in psoriasis) it may also damage healthy tissue. The peptide’s actions depend a lot on where and how much of it is present.
An. Yu Y; Zhu. Jinchao J; Xie. Qihui Q; Feng. Jianzhou J; Gong. Yanli Y; Fan. Qian Q; Cao. Jiao J; H...
Researchers found that tiny particles released by tumors (exosomes) contain an enzyme called ENPP1, which can break down a signaling molecule called cGAMP—even when cGAMP is carried by the peptide LL-37. By destroying cGAMP, these exosomes dampen the immune system's ability to detect and fight cancer cells, and they also reduce the presence of immune‑fighting T cells in tumors. This study is mainly about how cancers hide from the immune system, not about any health‑boosting use of LL‑37 for everyday people.
Ozola. Laura L; Pilmane. Mara M
This study looked at a tiny group of kids with cleft palates and measured natural antimicrobial proteins like LL‑37 in their mouth tissue. It found lower levels of some defense proteins (HBD‑3, HBD‑4) and some relationships between these proteins, but it doesn’t tell you how to use LL‑37 or any other peptide for health or performance.
Viksne. Rudolfs Janis RJ; Sumeraga. Gunta G; Pilmane. Mara M
The study examined tissue from people with nasal polyps and grouped them into five inflammation types using markers like LL‑37, but it didn’t test any treatments or give advice on using the peptide. It mainly shows how the disease varies, not how to improve health or performance.
Gill. Cameron P CP; Phan. Christopher C; Platt. Vivien V; Worrell. Danielle D; Andl. Thomas T; Roy....
The study shows that a bacterial protein called LysX adds a lysine molecule to a lipid (Lys‑DAG), which makes the bacteria much more resistant to the human antimicrobial peptide LL‑37 and other antibiotics, and also makes them more virulent. Deleting the LysX gene makes the bacteria more vulnerable and less able to cause infection.
Stakheev. Dmitry D; Taborska. Pavla P; Kalkusova. Katerina K; Bartunkova. Jirina J; Smrz. Daniel D
The study shows that adding the peptide LL‑37 while making immune cells (dendritic cells) in a lab can make those cells better at activating cancer‑killing T‑cells, but this is a complex cell‑culture technique not usable outside specialized research labs.
Ji. Ping P; Zhou. Yongxin Y; Yang. Yibao Y; Wu. Junlu J; Zhou. Hao H; Quan. Wenqiang W; Sun. Junjun...
The abstract is just an erratum notice correcting a previous article’s DOI and contains no scientific data about LL‑37, its effects, or any practical information.
Deņisova. Arina A; Pilmane. Māra M; Kažoka. Dzintra D
This study looked at tiny proteins that fight germs and control inflammation in the soft palate of kids with a cleft palate. It found that some antimicrobial proteins (like HBD‑2 and HBD‑4) and an anti‑inflammatory signal (IL‑10) were higher in the affected tissue, while the levels of LL‑37 varied a lot. The researchers think these proteins work together to protect the tissue, but the work doesn’t tell you how to use LL‑37 for health or performance.
Vranckx. Cédric C; Lambricht. Laure L; Préat. Véronique V; Cornu. Olivier O; Dupont-G...
Scientists figured out a way to stick proteins like the antimicrobial peptide LL‑37 onto surfaces by first pairing them with charged polymers, then layering them. This makes thicker, more water‑rich films, but the work is about material science, not about how to use LL‑37 for health.
Wang. Zuoqiang Z; Zhu. Siqi S; Li. Congcong C; Lyu. Lin L; Yu. Jingchen J; Wang. Danni D; Xu. Zhihon...
Scientists mapped which Salmonella genes help the bacteria survive many different stresses, including the human antimicrobial peptide LL‑37. They found a handful of core genes needed everywhere and discovered a new gene, yheM, that prevents protein clumping, plus an sRNA (STnc2080) that the bacteria need to resist LL‑37. The work is about bacterial survival, not about using LL‑37 in humans.
Torres-Ruiz. Jiram J; Carrillo-Vázquez. Daniel Alberto DA; Leal-Alanis. Araceli A; Zentella-Deh...
This study looked at blood cells and a protein called LL‑37 in people with a rare muscle disease, finding they rise when the disease is active, but it doesn’t tell you how to use LL‑37 for health or performance.
Wu. Shuwei S; Su. Yaoxi Y; Wang. Lian L; Sun. Bensen B; Jiang. Xian X
Rosacea is a chronic skin disorder with increasing prevalence and challenging management. Photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) may be a promising adjuvant treatment for rosacea. This study investigated the efficacy of PBMT for the treatment of rosacea lesions in a well-established mouse model using a combination of wavelengths at 590 and 830 nm. Female BALB/c mice were randomized into three groups, namely, a negative control (NC) group, a model control (MC) group, and a PBMT group. Mice were injected with LL-37 or normal saline for construction of the model and NCs, respectively. Mice in the PBMT group were administered PBMT at wavelengths of 590 nm (25 mW) and 830 nm (50 mW). The severity of erythema, inflammatory cell counts, the expression of key inflammatory mediators, and the degree of angiogenesis and immune cell infiltration of the skin lesions were evaluated by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence staining. PBMT significantly decreased the erythema scores and inflammatory cell infiltration of rosacea lesions in mice. Further studies revealed that PBMT downregulated the increased expression of inflammatory mediators (S100A9 and p65) and angiogenesis markers (CD31), and attenuated the dysregulation of immune cell infiltration [including neutrophils, regulatory T cells (Treg cells), γδ T cells, and macrophages] in mice with rosacea. This investigation suggested that PBMT can improve the rosacea condition by regulating key inflammatory mediators and dysregulating immune infiltration and angiogenesis.
Finn. Meredith B MB; Ramsey. Kathryn M KM; Dove. Simon L SL; Wessels. Michael R MR
The research shows that the human antimicrobial peptide LL‑37 can change how a key bacterial sensor (CsrRS) works in strep throat bacteria, turning on or off many genes that help the bacteria survive, but it doesn’t give any direct tips for human health or supplement use.