Use search to browse all 100+ peptides
Cathelicidin, hCAP-18, FALL-39, CAP-18
An antimicrobial peptide of the cathelicidin family that provides innate immune defense by killing pathogens and modulating inflammation and wound healing.
Raqib. Rubhana R; Sarker. Protim P; Mily. Akhirunnesa A; Alam. Nur Haque NH; Arifuzzaman. Abu Saleh...
A clinical trial in 80 adults with shigellosis showed that giving a sodium butyrate enema twice daily for three days reduced gut inflammation and boosted the natural antimicrobial peptide LL‑37 in the rectum and stool, compared with a saline placebo.
Chromek. Milan M; Arvidsson. Ida I; Karpman. Diana D
In mice, the natural antimicrobial peptide LL‑37 (cathelicidin) kills the dangerous E. coli O157:H7 bacteria and helps keep the gut lining intact. Mice that can’t make this peptide get a thinner mucus layer, higher bacterial loads, and severe kidney damage, while normal mice stay healthy. Giving LL‑37 or boosting its production might protect against this infection, but human studies are still needed.
Levinson. Pauline P; Choi. Robert Y RY; Cole. Amy L AL; Hirbod. Taha T; Rhedin. Samuel S; Payne. Bar...
The study shows that the natural peptide LL‑37 (and related HNP1‑3) in vaginal fluids can block HIV, and higher levels are seen when a partner has a high viral load. Removing these peptides stops the protective effect, while adding them back restores it, but they can also cause inflammation.
Liu. M C MC; Xiao. H-Q HQ; Brown. A J AJ; Ritter. C S CS; Schroeder. J J
The study found that after an allergic reaction in the lungs, levels of active vitamin D and the antimicrobial peptide LL‑37 both rise together, suggesting vitamin D helps boost this natural defense protein during inflammation.
Wang. Guangshun G; Elliott. Melissa M; Cogen. Anna L AL; Ezell. Edward L EL; Gallo. Richard L RL; Ha...
Researchers examined a short fragment of the human peptide LL‑37 called LL‑23 and created two tiny variants by swapping one amino acid. These changes made the peptide kill bacteria better and altered its immune effects: one version kept the ability to attract immune cells, while the other suppressed immune signaling. Both are simpler to produce and less toxic than the full‑size LL‑37, but the work is still at the cell‑lab stage.
Sonesson. Andreas A; Kasetty. Gopinath G; Olin. Anders I AI; Malmsten. Martin M; Mörgelin. Matt...
Researchers found that the immune protein TSLP can kill bacteria, especially Gram‑negative ones, and that a short piece of it called MKK34 works like the well‑known antimicrobial peptide LL‑37 by breaking bacterial membranes.
Lee. Weon Ju WJ; Cha. Hyun Wuk HW; Sohn. Mi Yeung MY; Lee. Seok-Jong SJ; Kim. Do Won DW
Vitamin D boosts the skin's natural antimicrobial peptide LL‑37 in lab‑grown sebocyte cells by activating the vitamin D receptor, suggesting that adequate vitamin D may help strengthen skin defenses against microbes.
Papareddy. Praveen P; Mörgelin. Matthias M; Walse. Björn B; Schmidtchen. Artur A; Malmsten...
Researchers found that short pieces of the brain protein APP can kill bacteria and fungi, working even better than the well‑known antimicrobial peptide LL‑37, while causing little damage to human cells. The most effective version is a cyclic peptide with an extra hydrophobic tail.
Cederlund. Andreas A; Nylén. Frank F; Miraglia. Erica E; Bergman. Peter P; Gudmundsson. Gudmund...
Researchers used mass‑spectrometry to map how the antimicrobial peptide LL‑37 is turned on in colon cells. They found that a mix of high‑dose lactose and the drug phenylbutyrate boosts LL‑37, and that thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) also raise its levels. Blocking certain enzymes (phospholipase A2, COX‑2, HMG‑CoA reductase) dampens this effect, pointing to the pathways involved.
De Brucker. Katrijn K; Delattin. Nicolas N; Robijns. Stijn S; Steenackers. Hans H; Verstraeten. Nata...
Researchers found that a short version of the human antimicrobial peptide LL‑37, called AS10, can stop harmful fungi and bacteria from forming protective biofilms at very low concentrations, and it works even better when combined with standard antifungal drugs. It doesn’t hurt human cells that help implants integrate, suggesting it could be used to coat medical devices, but it’s still early‑stage lab work, not a ready‑to‑use supplement.
Chesney. Russell W RW
The paper links the poor living conditions of 19th‑century London to high rates of rickets and tuberculosis in children like Tiny Tim, and explains that boosting vitamin D (through sunlight, diet, or cod‑liver oil) can raise levels of the antimicrobial peptide LL‑37, which helps kill TB bacteria. This suggests that improving vitamin D status could aid both bone health and immune defense against TB.
Barlow. Peter G PG; Svoboda. Pavel P; Mackellar. Annie A; Nash. Anthony A AA; York. Ian A IA; Pohl....
A study in mice showed that the natural peptide LL‑37 can cut flu severity and virus levels, working about as well as the antiviral drug zanamivir, likely by hitting the virus directly and calming lung inflammation.
Tsai. Pei-Wen PW; Yang. Cheng-Yao CY; Chang. Hao-Teng HT; Lan. Chung-Yu CY
LL-37, a natural human peptide, can stop the fungus Candida albicans from sticking to surfaces and cells without actually killing it, by sticking to the fungus's sugar coat. This means it could help prevent infections in the mouth, urinary tract, or other mucosal areas if delivered correctly.
Kanthawong. Sakawrat S; Bolscher. Jan G M JG; Veerman. Enno C I EC; van Marle. Jan J; de Soet. Hans...
Researchers found that a shortened version of the natural peptide LL-37, called LL-31, can quickly kill the dangerous bacteria Burkholderia pseudomallei, even when the bacteria form protective biofilms, and it works better than a common antibiotic in lab tests.
Dean. Scott N SN; Bishop. Barney M BM; van Hoek. Monique L ML
The study shows that a synthetic version of the human antimicrobial peptide LL‑37, made of D‑amino acids (D‑LL‑37), works just as well as the natural L‑form at killing the nasty bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa and stopping it from forming protective biofilms. The D‑form is also resistant to breakdown by enzymes, which could make it more stable for real‑world use, but the research is still at the lab‑animal stage, not in people.
Wan. Min M; Godson. Catherine C; Guiry. Patrick J PJ; Agerberth. Birgitta B; Haeggström. Jesper...
The study shows that the antimicrobial peptide LL‑37 and the inflammatory molecule leukotriene B4 (LTB4) boost each other in immune cells, creating a self‑amplifying inflammation loop. This loop can be dampened by natural anti‑inflammatory lipids like lipoxin A4 and resolvin E1, which act on the same receptors to stop the feedback. For biohackers, it means that boosting resolvin‑producing omega‑3s or using lipoxin‑like compounds might help control excessive inflammation linked to LL‑37 and LTB4.
Tsai. Pei-Wen PW; Yang. Cheng-Yao CY; Chang. Hao-Teng HT; Lan. Chung-Yu CY
The human peptide LL-37 can latch onto a fungal protein called Xog1p, which helps Candida albicans stick to surfaces and cells. By binding this protein, LL-37 blocks the fungus from adhering, suggesting a possible way to prevent or reduce infections, though the peptide isn’t yet a ready‑to‑use product for everyday people.
Ohta. Kouji K; Kajiya. Mikihiko M; Zhu. Tongbo T; Nishi. Hiromi H; Mawardi. Hani H; Shin. Jane J; El...
The study found that two brain‑derived peptides, orexin B and VIP, can kill common bacteria, but only when salt levels are low. In normal body‑like salt (150 mM), their killing power drops, but adding the natural antimicrobial peptide LL‑37 brings the effect back, showing they work together to fight microbes.
Zhang. Chong C; Zhao. Lianrong L; Ma. Li L; Lv. Cheng C; Ding. Yang Y; Xia. Tingting T; Wang. Jingya...
People with severe liver disease often have very low vitamin D, and when they get a serious infection in the belly (spontaneous bacterial peritonitis), their immune cells boost the vitamin D receptor and the antimicrobial peptide LL‑37. This suggests vitamin D status influences the body’s natural antibiotic defenses, especially in liver‑related conditions.
Subramanian. Hariharan H; Gupta. Kshitij K; Guo. Qiang Q; Price. Ryan R; Ali. Hydar H
The study shows that the antimicrobial peptide LL‑37 triggers mast cells through a specific receptor called MrgX2, and unlike many receptors, MrgX2 doesn’t get turned off or internalized after activation. This means LL‑37 can keep causing mast cell responses without the usual tolerance that many drugs develop.