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Cathelicidin, hCAP-18, FALL-39, CAP-18
An antimicrobial peptide of the cathelicidin family that provides innate immune defense by killing pathogens and modulating inflammation and wound healing.
Yin. Jia J; Yu. Fu-Shin X FS
LL-37, a natural antimicrobial peptide, can boost eye surface healing by turning on the EGFR pathway, even when blood sugar is high. In lab-grown corneal cells and pig eyes, adding LL-37 helped close wounds faster and rescued the slowdown caused by high glucose, suggesting it might be useful for diabetic eye problems.
Bucki. Robert R; Leszczyńska. Katarzyna K; Namiot. Andrzej A; Sokołowski. Wojciech W
LL-37 is a natural human peptide that kills a wide range of germs, blocks harmful bacterial toxins, and helps the body heal by attracting immune cells and promoting new blood vessels. Its production goes up when you get enough vitamin D or sunlight, but can be blocked during intense inflammation. The paper mainly explains how it works, not how to use it, so it’s useful background but not a ready‑to‑apply protocol.
Zhang. Xuan X; Oglęcka. Kamila K; Sandgren. Staffan S; Belting. Mattias M; Esbjörner. Eli...
LL-37 is a natural human peptide that can punch holes in bacterial‑like membranes while sparing normal cell membranes, especially because cholesterol in our cells blocks its action. It also can slip into our cells and carry attached DNA or RNA pieces inside. The study shows these two roles but doesn’t give dosing or safety guidelines for everyday use.
Wu. W W; Kim. C H CH; Liu. R R; Kucia. M M; Marlicz. W W; Greco. N N; Ratajczak. J J; Laughlin. M J...
LL-37, a natural antimicrobial peptide made by bone‑marrow cells, can “prime” stem cells before they are transplanted, making them move toward the body’s signal (SDF‑1) more efficiently and stick better. In mice, this priming sped up recovery of blood cells after a transplant by about 3‑5 days. The effect works by shuffling the CXCR4 receptor into special membrane areas, not by the peptide’s usual receptor.
Heilborn. Johan D JD; Weber. Günther G; Grönberg. Alvar A; Dieterich. Christine C; Stå...
Applying a vitamin D‑like cream (calcipotriol) to fresh skin wounds can boost the body’s natural antimicrobial peptide LL‑37, which helps protect and repair the skin. This effect is clear in new injuries but less reliable in long‑standing ulcers, and the study doesn’t give exact dosing instructions.
Talukder. Parimal P; Satho. Tomomitsu T; Irie. Keiichi K; Sharmin. Tanjina T; Hamady. Dieng D; Nakas...
The study shows that adding zinc to intestinal cells in a lab makes them release more of the natural antibiotic peptide LL‑37, and this happens quickly and lasts for days. The effect depends on the amount of zinc and works through specific cell signaling pathways (ERK and p38).
Park. Hyun Jeong HJ; Ock. Sun Myeong SM; Kim. Hee Jung HJ; Park. Hong Jin HJ; Lee. Young Bok YB; Cho...
Vitamin C helps skin cells make more collagen by blocking a signaling pathway (ERK) that a natural antimicrobial peptide called LL‑37 uses to lower collagen production. In lab tests, adding vitamin C stopped LL‑37 from reducing collagen and also lowered harmful oxidative stress inside the cells.
Amatngalim. Gimano D GD; Nijnik. Anastasia A; Hiemstra. Pieter S PS; Hancock. Robert E W RE
The study shows that the natural human peptide LL‑37 can tone down some inflammation signals (especially when the immune system is hit by both TREM‑1 and TLR4 triggers) by lowering TREM‑1 levels on certain white blood cells, but it can also boost inflammation when the trigger is a bacterial wall piece called peptidoglycan. It doesn’t change how neutrophils release enzymes or reactive oxygen. This means LL‑37’s anti‑inflammatory effects depend on the exact type of microbial stimulus.
Leszczyńska. Katarzyna K; Namiot. Andrzej A; Janmey. Paul A PA; Bucki. Robert R
The study found that the natural immune peptide LL‑37 can boost the effectiveness of the antibiotic amoxicillin‑clavulanic acid against Staph infections, especially drug‑resistant strains, but it doesn’t help with tetracycline or erythromycin. This suggests that when the body’s own LL‑37 is high—like in inflamed skin—beta‑lactam antibiotics work better, while other antibiotics don’t get the same boost.
Gutner. Michal M; Chaushu. Stella S; Balter. Daniela D; Bachrach. Gilad G
The study shows that healthy saliva can shield the natural antimicrobial peptide LL‑37 from being broken down by harmful bacteria in the mouth, letting LL‑37 still kill bacteria even when those bacteria release destructive enzymes. This protection works even after heating, meaning it’s a robust effect, though it slightly lowers LL‑37’s killing power.
Jo. Eun-Kyeong EK
This review explains how vitamin D helps the body make a natural antimicrobial peptide called LL‑37, which works together with a cellular recycling process called autophagy to fight tuberculosis‑type bacteria. It shows that boosting vitamin D could strengthen this innate defense, but it doesn’t give specific dosing or protocols.
Grant. William B WB; Giovannucci. Edward E
The study found that places in the US that got more UV‑B sunlight in summer (and even in winter) had lower death rates from the 1918 flu, likely because sunlight boosts vitamin D, which in turn raises the body’s natural antimicrobial peptide LL‑37 and calms harmful inflammation.
Lee. Sung-Hoon SH; Jun. Hye-Kyoung HK; Lee. Hae-Ri HR; Chung. Chong-Pyoung CP; Choi. Bong-Kyu BK
The study shows that the human peptide LL‑37 can kill two key bacteria that cause gum disease and also block the inflammation they trigger. While this is promising, the work was done in lab cells, not in people, so it isn’t a ready‑to‑use treatment yet. However, it suggests that boosting LL‑37 (for example with vitamin D or future oral products) might help protect gums and reduce inflammation.
Amer. Lilian S LS; Bishop. Barney M BM; van Hoek. Monique L ML
The human antimicrobial peptide LL‑37 can kill the tularemia‑causing bacteria Francisella at very low (nanomolar) levels, stops the bacteria from forming protective biofilms, and does not damage human cells, making it a promising candidate for future drug development, though it isn’t something you can safely take right now.
Dressel. Stefanie S; Harder. Jürgen J; Cordes. Jesko J; Wittersheim. Maike M; Meyer-Hoffert. Ul...
The study looked at which natural antimicrobial proteins are present in the edges of long‑lasting skin ulcers. It found that some proteins (psoriasin and hBD‑2) are high, while others that help healing, especially LL‑37, are almost missing. This suggests that adding LL‑37 could help chronic wounds heal, but the research didn’t test any treatments yet.
Grant. William B WB
Higher sunlight and vitamin D levels may boost the body’s natural antimicrobial peptide LL‑37, which could lower the chance of severe infections like septicemia, especially in winter, older adults, and people with darker skin.
Leszczyńska. K K; Namiot. A A; Cruz. K K; Byfield. F J FJ; Won. E E; Mendez. G G; Sokoło...
The study shows that the synthetic antibacterial molecule CSA-13 can kill tough skin germs like MRSA and Pseudomonas, even in body fluids, and that mixing it with the polymer pluronic F‑127 keeps its killing power while greatly lowering damage to red blood cells. It also works better when natural immune peptides like LL‑37 are present. While promising for a safer topical cream, the compound isn’t commercially available yet, so the findings are mostly useful as proof‑of‑concept for future DIY formulations.
Cruse. Glenn G; Fernandes. Vitor E VE; de Salort. Jose J; Pankhania. Depesh D; Marinas. Marta S MS;...
Human lung mast cells can kill the pneumonia‑causing bacteria Streptococcus pneumoniae by releasing the natural antimicrobial peptide LL‑37 when they sense the bacterial toxin pneumolysin. The peptide itself can directly reduce bacterial survival, and blocking it stops the killing effect. However, the study is about the body’s own response, not a tested supplement regimen.
Cederlund. Andreas A; Agerberth. Birgitta B; Bergman. Peter P
The study shows that the human antimicrobial peptide LL‑37 can kill a range of common germs—including bacteria that cause ear infections, staph infections, and the fungus Candida—while other neutrophil proteins have more selective effects.
Kim. Sue Kyung SK; Park. Sun S; Lee. Eun-So ES
The study found that people with psoriasis who have enough vitamin D in their blood show higher levels of the antimicrobial peptide LL‑37 in their skin, and the relationship between skin immune receptors (TLR2) and vitamin D receptors changes depending on vitamin D status. This hints that keeping vitamin D levels up could influence skin immunity and inflammation.