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Cathelicidin, hCAP-18, FALL-39, CAP-18
An antimicrobial peptide of the cathelicidin family that provides innate immune defense by killing pathogens and modulating inflammation and wound healing.
Lao. Juanfeng J; Xie. Zhi Z; Qin. Qunshi Q; Qin. Ru R; Li. Shangyang S; Yuan. Yulin Y
People with psoriasis have higher blood levels of the peptide LL‑37, and these levels rise together with key inflammatory signals (IFN‑γ, IL‑17, IL‑22). When patients get treatment, LL‑37 and those cytokines tend to drop, showing LL‑37 tracks skin inflammation. IL‑4, a different immune signal, doesn’t change.
Seminario. Ana Lucia AL; Karczewski. Ashley E AE; Chung. Whasun W; Wang. Yan Y; Wamalwa. Dalton D; B...
Researchers measured the natural antimicrobial peptide LL‑37 in the saliva of Kenyan kids and teens with HIV. They found that older kids with permanent teeth and those who started HIV treatment after age 2 had higher LL‑37 levels, while the type of HIV drugs, immune cell counts, or mouth disease didn’t change the levels.
Madruga. David D; Garcia. Miguel M MM; Martino. Luca L; Hassan. Haidar H; Elayat. Ghada G; Ghali. Lu...
The study found that the antimicrobial peptide LL‑37 in gum fluid rises with worse gum disease and drops after a deep cleaning, and it also tracks with pain levels. While this suggests LL‑37 could help gauge gum health, the research doesn’t tell you how to use the peptide itself for treatment or prevention.
Garcia de Carvalho. Gabriel G; Maquera-Huacho. Patricia Milagros PM; Silva Pontes. Cristiano C; Annu...
Researchers made a tiny‑oil droplet (nanoemulsion) that carries a light‑activated dye (chlorin‑e6) and an antimicrobial peptide (LL‑37). When they put it on a lab model of gum‑disease bacteria, gave a quick hydrogen‑peroxide rinse, and shone blue light, the bacteria died much more than with the dye alone.
Ericksen. Bryan B
The study shows that mixing the enzyme RNase with the antimicrobial peptide LL‑37 can make LL‑37 work better against lots of bacteria, while RNase alone doesn’t kill bacteria. This effect was seen in lab tests with high bacterial counts, not in people.
Mitra. Aritra A; Paul. Sandip S
Scientists used computer simulations to see how a short piece of the human LL‑37 peptide (bits 17‑29) clumps together into amyloid‑like structures. They found the peptide stays mostly helical, builds bigger clumps from smaller ones, and that a single hydrophobic building block (Ile24) is especially important for sticking together. Changing that building block makes the peptide less likely to aggregate.
López-Gutierrez. Jorge J; Ramos-Payán. Rosalío R; Romero-Quintana. Jose Geovanni JG;...
Scientists mixed a natural bladder‑derived gel with the LL‑37 peptide and found it’s safe for cells and can help grow new blood vessels in rats, without causing damage or inflammation.
Calderón-Rivera. Nathalia N; Múnera-Jaramillo. Jessica J; Jaramillo-Berrio. Sara S; Suesca...
This study shows that a bacterial lipid called cardiolipin makes the short antimicrobial peptide ATRA‑1 much less effective at breaking bacterial membranes, while the human peptide LL‑37 is only slightly affected. In simple terms, LL‑37 works better against Staph aureus that has lots of cardiolipin, whereas ATRA‑1 loses its power.
Song. Yun-Qi YQ; Kyung. Su Min SM; Kim. Suji S; Kim. Gun G; Lee. So Yeong SY; Yoo. Han Sang HS
A lab study shows that a synthetic peptide called RP557, based on the human protein LL‑37, can kill carbapenem‑resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa at much lower concentrations than LL‑37 itself and can break down its protective biofilm. When used together with standard carbapenem antibiotics, the peptides make the bacteria 4‑16 times more sensitive. The work is all in test‑tube experiments, so it isn’t ready for personal use yet, but it points to a potentially useful new antimicrobial approach.
Krishnamoorthy. Rajavenkatesh R; Adhikari. Priyanka P; Anaikutti. Parthiban P
Scientists made two short, lab‑made versions of the human immune peptide LL‑37 and tested them in the dish. Both showed strong antibacterial activity against a range of germs and caused almost no damage to red blood cells, meaning they look safe in the lab, but they haven’t been tested in people yet.
Pastuszak. Katarzyna K; Kowalczyk. Bozena B; Tarasiuk. Jacek J; Luchowski. Rafal R; Gruszecki. Wiesl...
The study shows that the natural antimicrobial peptide LL‑37 can stick to and break down the outer membrane of the pneumonia‑causing bacterium Legionella gormanii, especially when the membrane is negatively charged. Its ability to disrupt the membrane depends on how the bacteria’s lipids are arranged, which changes if the bacteria use extra choline. This is a lab‑based, mechanistic finding, not a direct human treatment guide.
Catteau. Lucy L; Iglesias. Yvan Diaz YD; Tsunemoto. Hannah H; Pogliano. Joseph J; Van Bambeke. Fran&...
The study shows that the antibiotic nafcillin can make the resistant bacteria MRSE more vulnerable to both another antibiotic (daptomycin) and the body’s own antimicrobial peptide LL‑37, improving killing in lab tests and biofilms. This suggests a combo of a beta‑lactam (like nafcillin or ceftaroline) with daptomycin could be more effective against tough infections, but it’s mainly a clinical insight, not a DIY health hack.
Hao. Zhichao Z; Liu. Gen G; Ren. Lin L; Liu. Jiangchen J; Liu. Chuanzi C; Yang. Tao T; Wu. Xiangnan...
Scientists made a gel that can fix itself and added the natural peptide LL‑37, which helps kill bacteria and calm inflammation, to speed up healing of diabetic wounds. The gel works by combining several weak bonds that let it stay together and release LL‑37’s benefits, leading to better blood vessel growth and less oxidative damage.
Zhang. Li-Ya LY; Wang. Duo-Zi DZ; Wang. Jian J; Guo. Lei L; Li. Bing-Hu BH; Wang. Jian-Hong JH
A study of 357 older adults with memory complaints found that people with higher blood levels of the antimicrobial peptide LL‑37 were more likely to experience faster memory loss and higher levels of brain‑damage markers over two years.
Watts. Samuel S; Hänni. Eliane E; Smith. Gregory N GN; Mahmoudi. Najet N; Freire. Rafael V M RV...
The study shows that the natural human peptide LL-37 can slip into the outer shell of a virus and bend it until the virus falls apart, making it unable to infect cells. This was seen using a harmless virus that mimics real ones like flu or COVID‑19.
Borzutzky. Arturo A; Iturriaga. Carolina C; Pérez-Mateluna. Guillermo G; Cristi. Francisca F; C...
Giving kids with eczema a weekly dose of vitamin D for six weeks raised their blood vitamin D levels, but it didn't make their skin rash any better and didn't change the immune markers the researchers measured.
Khairkhah. Niloofar N; Bolhassani. Azam A; Rajaei. Farzad F; Najafipour. Reza R
Scientists showed that the antimicrobial peptide LL-37 can help carry CRISPR/Cas9 tools into mouse tumors that carry HPV16 genes. When they used CRISPR to cut out the viral E6 and E7 genes, the tumors shrank and showed more signs of cell death, without obvious toxicity. This is an early‑stage proof‑of‑concept in mice, not a ready‑to‑use method for people.
Koynarev. Vladimir Rosenov VR; Borgos. Kari Kristine Almåsvold KKA; Kohlbrecher. Joachim J; Por...
The study shows that the antimicrobial peptide LL‑37 (along with a few other natural peptides) slips into cell‑like membranes and makes the tiny “raft” regions bigger and tighter. This change, called increased line tension, reshapes the membrane’s structure, especially thinning the softer, unsaturated parts.
Yang. Yang Y; Huang. Chunjing C; Hui. Li L; Song. Yahui Y; Fu. Yuxuan Y; Li. Min M; Yang. Hailong H;...
The study shows that the natural peptide LL‑37 (and its mouse version CRAMP) can help protect heart cells from a virus that causes myocarditis by breaking down tiny vesicles (exosomes) that spread the virus and by stopping a stress protein (HSP60) from causing cell death. This effect was seen in mice and heart cells in the lab, not in humans.
Winter. Jochen J; Jepsen. Søren S
The review says that a natural antimicrobial peptide called LL‑37, which is part of our innate immune system, can sometimes act like a double‑edged sword in the mouth. While it helps fight infections, it may also bind to cell receptors and turn on genes that encourage oral cancer, especially when chronic gum disease or bacterial infections are present.