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Cathelicidin, hCAP-18, FALL-39, CAP-18
An antimicrobial peptide of the cathelicidin family that provides innate immune defense by killing pathogens and modulating inflammation and wound healing.
Rm. Vatchala Rani VR; Singh. Neha N; Murmu. Swati S; Raina. Sakshi S; Singh. Shalini S
The study looked at saliva from Indian kids and found that higher levels of the natural antimicrobial peptide LL-37 (and related peptides) were linked to fewer cavities. It also confirmed that saliva traits like pH, flow rate, and buffering capacity matter for tooth health.
Abbasi. Mahsa M; Behmard. Esmail E; Yousefi. Mohammad Hashem MH; Shekarforoush. Seyed Shahram SS; Ma...
Scientists created a new hybrid antimicrobial peptide by joining parts of the human peptides LL‑37 and hBD‑129, produced it in bacteria, purified it, and showed it can kill common bacteria like E. coli and Staphylococcus aureus in lab tests.
Muhammad. Taj T; Strömstedt. Adam A AA; Gunasekera. Sunithi S; Göransson. Ulf U
Scientists made a new version of a tiny piece of the human immune protein LL-37 called KR-12. By linking two copies together and adding a disulfide bridge, they created a more stable, helical peptide that kills bacteria and fungi up to 16 times better in lab tests, even in salty conditions and human serum.
Gollnick. Hailey H; Barber. Jamie J; Wilkinson. Robert J RJ; Newton. Sandra S; Garg. Ankita A
The study shows that a signaling molecule called IL‑27, which is made when immune cells fight TB bacteria, actually dampens the cells' ability to kill the bacteria by lowering important defense proteins like the antimicrobial peptide LL‑37 and other cleanup mechanisms. Blocking IL‑27 (and also IL‑10) can restore these defenses and help the cells clear the infection better.
Ye. Peng P; Yang. Yusheng Y; Qu. Ying Y; Yang. Wenxin W; Tan. Jiulin J; Zhang. Chengmin C; Sun. Dong...
Researchers built a 3‑D bone‑repair scaffold that mixes silk, chitosan, tiny bone‑like particles, the antimicrobial peptide LL‑37, and the drug pamidronate. In lab tests and mouse experiments the scaffold killed common bone‑infection bacteria, cut inflammation, and helped new bone grow. The study shows the combo works together, but it’s still early‑stage and not ready for personal use.
Díaz. Ariana A; Diab. Magdalena M; Mata-Espinosa. Dulce D; Bini. Estela E; D'Attilio. Luciano L...
The study shows that stress hormones like cortisol can lower the body’s natural antimicrobial peptides (LL‑37, HBD‑2, HBD‑3) made by immune cells, while the hormone DHEA can boost reactive oxygen species and help kill TB bacteria. Conversely, adding the peptide LL‑37 to adrenal cells cuts down cortisol and DHEA production. These effects were seen in lab cell cultures, not in people.
Zhou. Xiyuan X; Su. Yaoxi Y; Wu. Shuwei S; Wang. Hao H; Jiang. Ruotian R; Jiang. Xian X
The study found that about 42% of people with rosacea experience itching, especially when temperature changes. Injecting the peptide LL‑37 into mouse skin caused rosacea‑like spots and made the mice scratch, showing it can trigger itch. The itch was linked to higher levels of two temperature‑sensing proteins, TRPV4 and TRPM8, in both mouse and human skin.
Skłodowski. Karol K; Suprewicz. Łukasz Ł; Chmielewska-Deptuła. Sylwia Joanna...
The study shows that synthetic antimicrobial compounds called ceragenins kill bacteria and fungi in cystic fibrosis lung fluid even when salt levels are high, while the natural peptide LL‑37 loses much of its killing power under the same salty conditions.
Bhusal. Anup A; Nam. Youngpyo Y; Seo. Donggun D; Lee. Won-Ha WH; Suk. Kyoungho K
A mouse study found that the natural antimicrobial peptide LL‑37 (called CRAMP in mice) can calm down brain inflammation caused by bacterial toxins. Giving extra peptide reduced inflammatory signals and the activity of brain immune cells. While this shows LL‑37 might protect the brain from infection‑related inflammation, the work is early‑stage and done in animals, so it doesn’t translate into a ready‑to‑use protocol for people yet.
Aidoukovitch. Alexandra A; Bodahl. Sara S; Tufvesson. Ellen E; Nilsson. Bengt-Olof BO
Researchers found that the tiny skin cells you constantly shed into your saliva actually make a growth factor called EGF, which helps keep mouth lining healthy and can speed up wound healing. This means your own saliva is a natural source of EGF, especially after you’ve been fasting or not eating much, when the cells are more active.
Fahimirad. Shohreh S; Khaki. Mohsen M; Ghaznavi-Rad. Ehsanollah E; Abtahi. Hamid H
Scientists created a new wound‑dressing that slowly releases the antimicrobial peptide LL‑37 together with a growth factor (VEGF). In lab tests it killed drug‑resistant bacteria (MRSA) and in animal wounds it sped up healing, reduced inflammation, and was safe for cells.
Chinipardaz. Zahra Z; Zhong. Jessica M JM; Yang. Shuying S
LL-37 is a natural human peptide that helps grow new blood vessels, attracts stem cells, fights infections, and supports wound healing, which together can aid bone and gum tissue repair. The review just summarizes what’s known, without giving specific dosing or DIY protocols.
Duan. Zilei Z; Zhang. Juan J; Chen. Xue X; Liu. Ming M; Zhao. Hongwen H; Jin. Lin L; Zhang. Zhiye Z;...
In COVID‑19 patients, the natural antimicrobial peptide LL‑37 goes up and seems to make blood clotting worse by boosting clotting factors and helping form clots, while lowering it reduces clot formation in animal tests.
Radic. Marko M; Muller. Sylviane S
LL-37 is a natural peptide that can kill bacteria, attract immune cells, and cause neutrophils to throw out web‑like traps (NETs). These traps help fight infections but can also fuel chronic inflammation and tissue damage. The peptide’s shape changes to fit different environments, which may explain its varied effects.
Piller. Paulina P; Wolinski. Heimo H; Cordfunke. Robert A RA; Drijfhout. Jan Wouter JW; Keller. Sand...
Scientists tested two versions of a human immune peptide, SAAP-148 and OP-145, against a drug‑resistant bacterium (Enterococcus hirae). They found that SAAP-148 kills the bacteria at much lower doses and messes up the bacterial membrane more effectively than OP-145.
Chen. Xue X; Deng. Suixin S; Wang. Wenchao W; Castiglione. Stefania S; Duan. Zilei Z; Luo. Lei L; Ci...
The study shows that the natural immune molecule LL‑37 can push a protein called CLIC1 into cell membranes, making brain immune cells over‑active and worsening Alzheimer‑type damage in animal models. This suggests that too much LL‑37, which rises during infections, might speed up Alzheimer’s disease, while blocking its interaction with CLIC1 can protect the brain.
Ikutama. Risa R; Peng. Ge G; Tsukamoto. Saya S; Umehara. Yoshie Y; Trujillo-Paez. Juan Valentin JV;...
LL-37, a natural antimicrobial peptide, can switch on the cell‑recycling process called autophagy in skin cells, which tightens the skin’s barrier. It does this through several cellular receptors and signaling pathways, and when autophagy is blocked the barrier benefit disappears. This suggests LL-37 might help skin health, but the study doesn’t give dosage or real‑world usage instructions.
Tokajuk. Joanna J; Deptuła. Piotr P; Piktel. Ewelina E; Daniluk. Tamara T; Chmielewska. Sylwia...
LL-37 is a natural peptide in your mouth that helps keep the oral microbiome balanced by killing microbes and tuning the immune system. Changes in its levels are linked to gum disease, infections, autoimmune issues, and even oral cancers, and it might serve as a marker of how inflamed your mouth is. While the paper doesn’t give a supplement recipe, it highlights LL-37 as a potential target for supporting oral health.
Xiao. Qian Q; Luo. Yanfen Y; Shi. Wen W; Lu. Yang Y; Xiong. Rui R; Wu. Xinggui X; Huang. Haihao H; Z...
LL-37, a natural antimicrobial peptide, can lower the activity of key harmful factors that Pseudomonas aeruginosa uses to cause infection, without stopping the bacteria from growing, when used at low doses. This suggests it might help weaken the bacteria’s ability to cause disease, but the peptide isn’t a typical supplement and the study was done only in lab dishes.
Chen. Runzhen R; Zhao. Hanjun H; Zhou. Jinying J; Wang. Ying Y; Li. Jiannan J; Zhao. Xiaoxiao X; Li....
A study of heart attack patients found that higher blood levels of the natural peptide LL‑37 were linked to fewer serious heart problems, but only in people who also had high levels of the risky lipids lipoprotein(a) or PCSK9. In patients with normal levels of these lipids, LL‑37 didn’t make a difference.