Use search to browse all 100+ peptides
Thymalfasin, Zadaxin, Thymosin α1
A synthetic 28-amino acid peptide that enhances immune function by modulating T-cell activity, used for viral infections and immunodeficiencies.
Lin. Hong-Yuan HY
The paper says severe COVID‑19 acts like sepsis and that drugs that modulate the immune system, which have been used for sepsis, might help, but it doesn’t give clear dosing or protocols for any specific peptide like thymosin‑alpha‑1.
Sun. Sujun S; Ji. Haiyu H; Feng. Yingying Y; Kang. Yu Y; Yu. Juan J; Liu. Anjun A
The study looked at mice with liver cancer and found that their thymus (an immune organ) shrank, not because the cells died, but because the tumor messed up the balance of immune cells. Interestingly, a protein called thymosin‑alpha‑1 was higher in the thymus, suggesting the organ was trying to make more immune cells, but this didn’t stop the tumor from growing. The findings are mostly basic science and don’t give clear ways to use thymosin‑alpha‑1 for health or anti‑cancer purposes in people.
Navolotskaya. E V EV; Zinchenko. D V DV; Zolotarev. Y A YA; Kolobov. A A AA; Lipkin. V M VM
Scientists found that a tiny synthetic piece of the thymosin‑alpha‑1 protein (called LKEKK) sticks tightly to human T‑cells, and this binding isn’t broken down by enzymes, meaning the receptor isn’t a typical protein. The same spot can also be blocked by the full thymosin‑alpha‑1, interferon‑alpha‑2, and cholera toxin B, showing they share a common binding site. However, the study only maps this interaction and doesn’t show any health effects or dosing advice.
Lee. Hyun Woong HW; Lee. Joung Il JI; Um. Soon Ho SH; Ahn. Sang Hoon SH; Chang. Hye Young HY; Park....
Adding the immune‑boosting peptide thymosin‑alpha‑1 to the antiviral drug lamivudine gave a short‑term bump in hepatitis‑B marker conversion, but the benefit disappeared after a year and didn’t stop the virus from rebounding. Overall, the combo didn’t outperform lamivudine alone.
Wu. Guofeng G; Sun. Xuelian X
Adding the immune‑boosting peptide thymosin‑alpha‑1 to the standard 6‑month TB drug regimen helped patients clear the infection faster, breathe better, and showed better immune and inflammation markers, without adding extra side effects.
Yao. Siyang S; Huang. Qiangsong Q; Zou. Yan Y; Liu. Tianqi T; Yang. Yongyu Y; Huang. Tao T; Zhao. Yu...
In a hospital study, adding the peptide thymosin‑alpha‑1 to a cancer drug combo (lenvatinib and sintilimab) helped patients with advanced liver cancer live longer and keep their tumors from growing as fast, without adding extra side‑effects. The benefit was seen in a small group of patients and the treatment is only used under medical supervision.
Dalm. Virgil A S H VA; de Wit. Harm H; Drexhage. Hemmo A HA
Researchers are looking at thymosin‑alpha‑1, a peptide that can boost immune function, as a possible treatment for stubborn sinus infections that don’t respond to usual care. The work so far is only in the lab, showing it may help immune cells move better, but no human trials or dosing info are available yet.
Jou. Yeong-Chin YC; Tsai. Yuh-Shyan YS; Hsieh. Hsiao-Yen HY; Chen. Syue-Yi SY; Tsai. Hsin-Tzu HT; Ch...
The study measured a protein called thymosin‑alpha‑1 (TA1) in the blood of people with kidney or bladder cancers and found that lower levels were linked to more advanced disease and worse outcomes, especially in bladder cancer, but it doesn’t tell you how to use TA1 for health improvement.
Song. Eun Young EY; Shin. Yunsu Y; Roh. Eun Youn EY; Sue. Shin S; Park. Myoung Hee MH; Kim. Bo Hyun...
This study looked at people with chronic hepatitis B and tested whether adding a peptide called thymosin‑alpha‑1 to standard peginterferon treatment helps predict who will respond better. They found that a drop in a blood marker (HBsAg) by more than 40% after 12 weeks signals a good chance of the virus becoming less active, but the peptide itself didn’t show a clear extra benefit. The findings are mostly relevant for doctors treating hepatitis B, not for general health‑hacking or longevity plans.
Payen. Didier D; Monneret. Guillaume G; Hotchkiss. Richard R
A small clinical trial gave thymosin‑alpha‑1 to sepsis patients and saw a slight, not statistically solid, improvement in survival. The drug appears safe, but the study was tiny and we still don’t know exactly how it works. While the idea of boosting the immune system in severe infections is interesting, this research isn’t ready to be turned into a home‑use protocol.
Gish. Robert G RG; Gordon. Stuart C SC; Nelson. David D; Rustgi. Vinod V; Rios. Israel I
In a small trial with liver cancer patients, adding the immune‑boosting peptide thymosin‑alpha‑1 to the standard chemo‑embolization treatment showed a slight, but not statistically solid, improvement in tumor response and survival, and it reduced bacterial infections compared to chemo‑embolization alone.
Xia. Yun Y; Luo. Hui H; Liu. Jian Ping JP; Gluud. Christian C
A review of five low‑quality trials found no solid proof that the herb Phyllanthus helps people with chronic hepatitis B, and the studies didn’t report any side‑effects. While one analysis suggested a small benefit for a viral marker, more rigorous testing showed that benefit disappears. In short, there’s not enough reliable evidence to recommend Phyllanthus over standard antivirals like lamivudine or interferon.
El-Shabrawi. Mortada H F MH; Kamal. Naglaa M NM
The paper reviews how kids with certain liver diseases are treated, mainly with diet changes and specific drugs, and mentions that thymosin‑alpha‑1 is still only being tested for hepatitis B in adults, not a proven or approved option for children.
The abstract explains that studying trauma, including with thymosin‑alpha‑1, is tricky because you can’t ethically assign people to get injured, so researchers rely on animal work, case reports, and trials that test treatments after the injury happens. It doesn’t give any clear data on how thymosin‑alpha‑1 works, how much to use, or any proven benefits for health‑hacking goals.
Baek. Yang Hyun YH; Lee. Sung Wook SW; Yoo. Hyun Seung HS; Yoon. Hyun Ah HA; Kim. Ja Won JW; Kim. Yo...
A tiny study reported that adding the peptide thymosin‑alpha‑1 to the old hepatitis C drugs pegylated interferon and ribavirin helped two patients who had previously failed that treatment achieve lasting virus clearance. The evidence is limited to just two cases and the therapy is outdated compared to modern antiviral pills.
García-Contreras. Fernando F; Nevárez-Sida. Armando A; Constantino-Casas. Patricia P; Abud...
The study compared hepatitis C treatments in Mexico and found that adding thymosin‑alpha‑1 to peginterferon and ribavirin was cheaper and gave better health outcomes than the other options, while doing nothing was the worst. This is mainly about disease‑specific therapy, not general health or performance enhancement.
Lin. Peihuang P; Chen. Wenhuang W; Huang. Hongbo H; Lin. Yijian Y; Cai. Maosheng M; Lin. Dongheng D;...
In a small study of 47 COVID‑19 patients, those who stayed in the hospital longer (21+ days) tended to have higher blood levels of complement C3, took longer to test negative for the virus, and were more likely to have received thymosin‑alpha‑1 (thymalfasin). The peptide itself was not shown to speed recovery and may be linked to slower discharge.
Romani. Luigina L; Bistoni. Francesco F; Gaziano. Roberta R; Bozza. Silvia S; Montagnoli. Claudia C;...
The study shows that the peptide thymosin‑alpha‑1 can help immune cells called dendritic cells mature and produce signals that boost a type of antifungal defense in mice, especially after a bone‑marrow transplant, but it’s all in animal models and doesn’t give any human dosing or safety info.
Camerini. Roberto R; Ciancio. Alessia A; DE Rosa. Alfonso A; Rizzetto. Mario M
This study is testing whether adding the peptide thymosin‑alpha‑1 to the usual hepatitis C drugs (pegylated interferon‑alpha2a and ribavirin) helps people who didn’t respond to treatment before. The trial is large, double‑blind, and still ongoing, so no effectiveness numbers are available yet, but early safety checks say the combination is tolerated well.
Tuthill. Cynthia C
The paper talks about how a company got thymosin‑alpha‑1 approved in many countries, focusing on the paperwork, safety tests, and different rules each nation has, not on how the peptide works in the body or how to use it.