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HN, S14G-Humanin
A mitochondrial-derived peptide that protects against apoptosis, oxidative stress, and has potential in neurodegenerative and metabolic diseases.
Huang. Jin J; Feng. Qiwen Q; Zou. Liping L; Liu. Yumeng Y; Bao. Meng M; Xia. Wei W; Zhu. Changhong C
A modified form of the peptide humanin (called HNG) given to mice prevented damage to ovaries caused by a chemical that ages cells, improving hormone levels, egg counts and fertility, likely by boosting antioxidants, reducing cell death and increasing cellular cleanup processes.
Liu. Yumeng Y; Feng. Qiwen Q; Zou. Liping L; Zhu. Changhong C; Xia. Wei W
A modified version of the peptide humanin (called HNG) helped male mice with low sperm count and movement recover better testicle health, more sperm, higher testosterone, and larger litters. It worked by cutting down harmful oxidative stress and a type of cell death called ferroptosis, mainly through the Nrf2/GPX4 pathway. These results are from mouse experiments, not humans, so they hint at potential but aren’t ready for direct use yet.
Shi. Qingying Q; Xiao. Zhenmeng Z; Cai. Wenjing W; Chen. Yuanhan Y; Liang. Huaban H; Ye. Zhiming Z;...
A study in mice showed that a modified version of the peptide humanin (called S14G‑humanin or HNG) can protect kidneys from damage caused by severe infection (sepsis). Giving HNG after a bacterial toxin reduced kidney injury, lowered inflammation and oxidative stress, and improved overall kidney function.
Delgado-Peraza. Francheska F; Nogueras-Ortiz. Carlos C; Simonsen. Anja Hviid AH; Knight. De'Larrian...
A 16‑week exercise program raised levels of the brain‑protective peptide humanin (along with BDNF and proBDNF) in tiny brain‑derived particles found in blood, especially in people with the high‑risk APOE ε4 gene, suggesting that regular physical activity can boost natural neuroprotective factors in early Alzheimer’s patients.
Yousef. Hibba H; Khandoker. Ahsan H AH; Feng. Samuel F SF; Helf. Charlotte C; Jelinek. Herbert F HF
The study measured humanin, a tiny protein linked to mitochondrial health, in people ranging from healthy to having type‑2 diabetes (T2DM) and those with both T2DM and high blood pressure. Humanin levels dropped when people moved from pre‑diabetes to full diabetes, suggesting worse mitochondrial function, but rose again in the group that also took blood‑pressure meds, hinting that those drugs might improve mitochondrial health. While the research doesn’t test humanin supplements, it shows humanin could be a useful marker for tracking disease and possibly for guiding interventions aimed at boosting mitochondrial function.
Kim. Su-Jeong SJ; Miller. Brendan B; Hartel. Nicolas G NG; Ramirez. Ricardo R; Braniff. Regina Gonza...
Researchers found that a natural change in the mitochondrial DNA makes a version of the peptide SHLP2 (called K4R) that is more stable and can protect brain cells and mice from damage linked to Parkinson's disease. Both the normal and the K4R form help keep mitochondria working well, which is important for overall cellular health.
Abozaid. Eman R ER; Abdel-Kareem. Reham H RH; Habib. Marwa A MA
In a rat study, giving the peptide humanin before the gut’s blood supply was restored after a blockage reduced inflammation, oxidative damage, and cell death, and helped the intestines move normally again.
Miguel-Hidalgo. José Javier JJ
The study shows that brain support cells called astrocytes release a tiny protein called humanin when neurons are damaged, and this humanin helps protect brain cells. Boosting this natural response might improve treatments for mood disorders like depression, but the research is still early and doesn’t give specific ways to use humanin yet.
Kal. Satadeepa S; Mahata. Sumana S; Jati. Suborno S; Mahata. Sushil K SK
Humanin is a tiny protein made by mitochondria that can help lower blood sugar and protect against diabetes and related health problems, as shown in studies on type 1, type 2, and gestational diabetes.
Yousef. Hibba H; Feng. Samuel F SF; Jelinek. Herbert F HF
A new AI model that looks at blood markers of stress, inflammation, and mitochondrial health can spot people who might develop type‑2 diabetes earlier than traditional tests. Humanin, a tiny protein linked to mitochondria, turned out to be one of the strongest signals, even more important than weight or blood sugar levels. This means tracking humanin could help biohackers catch diabetes risk sooner, though the study doesn’t tell you how to change it.
El Kattawy. Hany A HA; Abozaid. Eman R ER; Abdullah. Doaa M DM
In older male rats with low testosterone, giving the mitochondrial peptide humanin boosted testosterone levels, improved sperm quality, and reduced oxidative stress and cell death in the testes, likely by activating antioxidant pathways.
Dabravolski. Siarhei A SA
This paper reviews tiny proteins made by mitochondria, especially humanin, that help protect cells from stress, inflammation, and heart damage, and act like metabolic sensors linked to aging diseases. It suggests that boosting these peptides might help with brain health, eye health, and overall longevity, but it doesn’t give specific dosing or protocols.
Boutari. Chrysoula C; Pappas. Panagiotis D PD; Theodoridis. Theodoros D TD; Vavilis. Dimitrios D
Humanin is a tiny protein made by mitochondria that helps protect cells and may boost how the body handles insulin. Studies in cells and animals suggest it can make tissues more insulin‑sensitive, keep pancreatic beta cells alive, and possibly slow down the development of type‑2 diabetes, which is linked to aging. However, most evidence is still pre‑clinical, and there’s no clear dosing guide for humans yet.
Ikegawa. Natsumi N; Kozuka. Ayari A; Morita. Nozomi N; Murakami. Minetaka M; Sasakawa. Nobuyuki N; N...
A modified version of the natural peptide humanin (called HNG) was given to mice and was found to raise acetylcholine levels in the brain, boost dopamine release, and slightly improve memory without changing how active the mice were. The study suggests HNG can make nerve cells release chemicals more efficiently, which might help brain function.
Lu. Yu Y; Bartoszek. Ewelina M EM; Cortada. Maurizio M; Bodmer. Daniel D; Levano Huaman. Soledad S
The study shows that two mitochondrial peptides, a stronger version of humanin called HNG and another peptide called SHLP3, can protect ear hair cells from damage caused by the antibiotic gentamicin. They work by activating cell‑survival pathways (AKT and AMPK) and cutting down oxidative stress and inflammation. While the experiments were done in mouse ear tissue, not people, the results suggest these peptides might one day help protect hearing against drug‑induced or possibly noise‑related damage.
Ghosh. Shubhamoy S; Ganguly. Amit A; Habib. Manal M; Shin. Bo-Chul BC; Thamotharan. Shanthie S; Ande...
In rats that were undernourished before birth and then ate a high‑fat, high‑sugar diet, the hormone‑like peptide humanin was found to be low in the pancreas, and this loss made the insulin‑producing cells work poorly and die. Adding humanin back helped the cells make insulin again, improved their energy production, and protected them from death, suggesting humanin could help reverse diet‑induced liver fat and diabetes in this model.
Kim. Su-Jeong SJ; Devgan. Anjali A; Miller. Brendan B; Lee. Sam Mool SM; Kumagai. Hiroshi H; Wilson....
The study shows that the mitochondrial peptide humanin can turn on the cell's cleanup system called autophagy, which helps keep muscles healthy in mice and even lengthens lifespan in tiny worms. While this points to humanin as a potential anti‑aging tool, the research is still early and hasn’t tested humans or given dosing guidelines.
Li. Wenfeng W; Zhang. Dandan D; Yuan. Wenjin W; Wang. Chenggao C; Huang. Qing Q; Luo. Jun J
The study shows that the tiny protein humanin can protect blood‑vessel cells from damage caused by high levels of free fatty acids, which are linked to heart disease. It does this by cutting down oxidative stress, turning off a key inflammation trigger called the NLRP3 inflammasome, and restoring a cell‑energy sensor (AMPK).
Ju. Zhihai Z; Wang. Guyan G; Yan. Yanhong Y; Liang. Xuan X; Cui. Xu X
The study shows that the synthetic peptide Herkinorin can protect human stem‑cell‑derived neurons from damage caused by lack of oxygen and glucose, but only at very low concentrations (0.1‑1 µM). It works by pulling the mu‑opioid receptor inside the cell, which seems to trigger anti‑death pathways, while higher doses (above 10 µM) actually kill the cells.
Li. Mengfan M; Shen. Tengqun T; Yao. Ran R; Sun. Hairong H; Liu. Xiaoxiao X; Li. Zhenguang Z; Zhang....
The study found that people with sleep apnea who also have mild cognitive problems have higher levels of the mitochondrial peptide humanin (and related peptides) in brain‑derived particles in their blood. These higher levels are linked to worse thinking scores, and they seem to explain part of how poor oxygen during sleep harms the brain. Using a CPAP machine for a year lowered humanin levels, suggesting that fixing sleep apnea can partly reverse the mitochondrial stress linked to cognition.