Use search to browse all 100+ peptides
Cathelicidin, hCAP-18, FALL-39, CAP-18
An antimicrobial peptide of the cathelicidin family that provides innate immune defense by killing pathogens and modulating inflammation and wound healing.
Boman. H G HG
LL-37 is a naturally occurring antimicrobial peptide that helps our immune system kill bacteria quickly. It is one of the few cathelicidin peptides humans make, and lacking it can cause serious health problems like certain immune disorders and allergies. Researchers are looking at LL-37 and similar peptides as possible new drugs.
Majewski. K K; Agier. J J; Kozłowska. E E; Brzezińska-Błaszczyk. E E
People with active lung TB have much higher blood levels of the antimicrobial peptide LL‑37 and the inflammation molecule TNF, while their vitamin D levels stay about the same, and the three measurements don’t seem to be linked to each other.
Nyberg. Patrik P; Rasmussen. Magnus M; Björck. Lars L
The study shows that the bacteria Streptococcus pyogenes can protect itself from the human antimicrobial peptide LL‑37 by using a surface protein (GRAB) that grabs a plasma protein (alpha‑2‑macroglobulin) which in turn traps a bacterial enzyme (SpeB). This complex stays on the bacterial surface and blocks LL‑37 from killing the bacteria.
Nilsson. Maria M; Sørensen. Ole E OE; Mörgelin. Matthias M; Weineisen. Maria M; Sjöbr...
The study shows that a toxin from the bacteria Streptococcus pyogenes punches holes in human neutrophils, causing a calcium surge and activation of a signaling pathway (p38 MAPK). This triggers the cells to dump out several immune proteins, including the antimicrobial peptide LL‑37, along with other defensins and enzymes that can increase inflammation and leakiness of blood vessels.
Lu. Qian Q; Quan. Wenqiang W; Wu. Junlu J; Zhang. Xian X; Ma. Wei W; Pang. Li L; Li. Dong D
The study shows that a natural immune peptide called LL‑37, which is released by immune cells called macrophages, can actually help ovarian cancer cells spread. When cancer cells and macrophages are grown together, the macrophages make more LL‑37 and the cancer cells become more invasive. Blocking LL‑37 or stopping a cancer‑cell protein called versican V1 reduces this invasion.
Shi. Pengwei P; Gao. Yanbin Y; Lu. Zhiyang Z; Yang. Lei L
The natural peptide LL‑37 can break down the protective slime layer (biofilm) that Acinetobacter baumannii bacteria form, even at doses much lower than needed to stop the bacteria from growing. In lab tests, a tiny amount (2.5 µg/ml) already caused visible damage, and higher amounts kept reducing the biofilm.
Pestonjamasp. V K VK; Huttner. K H KH; Gallo. R L RL
Scientists mapped the mouse antimicrobial peptide called CRAMP and showed it looks a lot like the human peptide LL-37, especially in the part that becomes active and in the gene’s control regions. This means mouse CRAMP can serve as a good stand‑in for studying how LL-37 works in the body.
Palatsi. Riitta R; Kelhälä. Hanna-Leena HL
This paper explains that antimicrobial peptides like LL‑37 are natural proteins made by many cells in our bodies to fight microbes. They vary by tissue and work because of their charge and ability to slip into microbe membranes. LL‑37 is one of the most studied and may be linked to brain diseases and type‑2 diabetes, but the article doesn’t give any direct tips on how to use it.
Dorschner. Robert A RA; Lin. Kenneth H KH; Murakami. Masamoto M; Gallo. Richard L RL
Newborn mouse and human skin makes a lot more of the natural antimicrobial peptide LL‑37 (also called cathelicidin) and some beta‑defensins than adult skin. These peptides work together to kill dangerous bacteria like group B Streptococcus, suggesting they help protect babies while their immune system is still maturing.
Sørensen. Ole E OE; Gram. Lone L; Johnsen. Anders H AH; Andersson. Emma E; Bangsbøll. Susa...
Researchers found that a protein in semen, hCAP-18, is turned into an antimicrobial peptide called ALL-38 by an enzyme from the prostate when it meets the acidic environment of the vagina. This peptide fights microbes just as well as the well‑known LL‑37 peptide, suggesting a natural way the body protects against infection after sex.
Golec. M M; Reichel. C C; Lemieszek. M M; Mackiewicz. B B; Buczkowski. J J; Sitkowska. J J; Skò...
The study measured the natural antimicrobial peptide LL‑37 in lung fluids of people with COPD and healthy folks. It found that early‑stage COPD patients have higher LL‑37 levels, while those with severe disease have lower levels, hinting that the body’s innate immunity changes as the disease progresses.
Hui. Yuan Y; Wohlers. Janet J; Podschun. Rainer R; Hedderich. Jürgen J; Lamprecht. Peter P; Amb...
The study found that people with a nose infection by Staph bacteria have higher levels of the natural antibiotic peptide LL‑37, and that patients with Wegener's granulomatosis show an abnormal immune response in their nasal lining, producing less of another peptide (hBD‑3) compared to healthy people.
Signat. Benoit B; Roques. Christine C; Poulet. Pierre P; Duffaut. Danielle D
The paper explains that a natural antimicrobial protein called LL‑37, made by gum cells and white blood cells, is released when the bad bacteria Fusobacterium nucleatum shows up in the mouth. LL‑37 helps kill or keep this bacteria in check and also shapes the immune response, which can protect gum tissue from damage.
Tollin. Maria M; Bergman. Peter P; Svenberg. Torgny T; Jörnvall. Hans H; Gudmundsson. Gudmundur...
The study shows that the lining of the human colon naturally contains a mix of antimicrobial proteins, including the peptide LL-37, which help kill bacteria and fungi and protect the gut from infection.
Brzezińska-Błaszczyk. Ewa E; Wierzbicki. Maciej M
The paper explains that mast cells, which are immune cells involved in allergies and defense, have several Toll‑like receptors (TLRs) that detect microbes. The antimicrobial peptide LL‑37 can change how these TLRs are expressed on mast cells, potentially affecting how the cells respond to bacteria, viruses, and allergens. However, the study is basic science and doesn’t give dosing or practical tips for using LL‑37.
Kozar. Rosemary A RA; Santora. Rachel J RJ; Poindexter. Brian J BJ; Milner. Stephen M SM; Bick. Roge...
The study looked at how natural gut‑protective proteins called defensins and LL‑37 change after a short blockage of blood flow in rat intestines. It found that some defensins go up or down in specific gut sections, but the peptide LL‑37 stays the same, just naturally higher in the upper small intestine (jejunum).
Chen. Po-Hsu PH; Fang. Sheen-Yie SY
The study shows that the antimicrobial peptide LL‑37 is naturally made in the lining of the nose and that its production goes up when the nose is inflamed, like in people with chronic sinus problems.
Zanetti. Margherita M
LL-37 is a natural protein our bodies make that not only kills microbes but also helps regulate inflammation and other immune responses. It’s stored in a larger precursor that’s split into active pieces when needed. The review highlights that LL-37 does many jobs beyond just being an antibiotic, making it a key part of our innate immunity.
Golec. Marcin M
LL-37 is a tiny protein our bodies make that can kill bacteria, help lung cells grow, speed up airway wound healing, and neutralize the harmful endotoxin LPS that triggers inflammation in many lung diseases.
Niyonsaba. François F; Iwabuchi. Kazuhisa K; Someya. Akimasa A; Hirata. Michimasa M; Matsuda. H...
The human antibacterial peptide LL-37 can pull mast cells toward it, acting like a chemical signal that guides these immune cells to sites of inflammation. This effect peaks at about 5 µg/mL and works through a specific signaling pathway, but it doesn't use the same receptor that LL-37 uses in other immune cells.