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Cathelicidin, hCAP-18, FALL-39, CAP-18
An antimicrobial peptide of the cathelicidin family that provides innate immune defense by killing pathogens and modulating inflammation and wound healing.
Mohammed. Imran I; Mohanty. Debasmita D; Said. Dalia G DG; Barik. Manas Ranjan MR; Reddy. Mamatha M...
The study looked at natural antimicrobial proteins in the eyes of people with fungal infections. It found that most of these proteins were higher during infection, especially HBD‑1 and HBD‑2, while LL‑37 was only modestly increased in a few cases and dropped back to normal after healing.
Cheng. Qing Q; Zeng. Kangrui K; Kang. Qiongyi Q; Qian. Wentao W; Zhang. Wenyue W; Gan. Qiulei Q; Xia...
A lab study found that the antimicrobial peptide LL-37 can make certain dental stem cells grow faster, move more, and turn into bone‑like cells in a dish, but only at a specific concentration (2.5 µg/mL) and through a known cell‑signaling pathway. This work is still early‑stage and done in cell culture, not in people.
Gupta. Sudipti S; Nicassio. Lauren L; Junquera. Guillermo Yepes GY; Jackson. Ashley R AR; Fuchs. Mol...
A study looked at four antimicrobial peptides in kids with a kidney blockage before and after surgery. They found that two peptides (HIP/PAP and BD-1) dropped after the operation, but LL‑37 stayed the same. This means LL‑37 isn’t helpful for checking if the surgery worked.
Rajamanickam. Anuradha A; Munisankar. Saravanan S; Dolla. Chandra Kumar CK; Babu. Subash S
People with low body weight who have hidden TB infection have lower levels of natural antimicrobial proteins like LL‑37, HNP1‑3, granulysin and HBD‑2 in their blood, which may make it easier for the infection to become active disease.
Banke. Ingo J IJ; Stade. Niko N; Prodinger. Peter M PM; Tübel. Jutta J; Hapfelmeier. Alexander...
Researchers found that the natural antimicrobial peptide LL‑37 (and HBD‑3) spikes a lot in joint tissue when there’s a low‑grade infection, making it a very accurate marker for diagnosing infected joint replacements.
Jiang. Yinting Y; Liao. Hongyi H; Zhang. Xuemei X; Cao. Sijia S; Hu. Xuexue X; Yang. Zihan Z; Fang....
The study found that a protein called IL‑33 makes immune cells release more of the antimicrobial peptide LL‑37, which then ramps up inflammation (IL‑6 and IL‑1β) and makes lung cancer cells grow faster in a dish. In short, higher LL‑37 levels, driven by IL‑33, appear to help lung cancer cells multiply.
Gao. Ye Y; Pramanik. Avijit A; Patibandla. Shamily S; Gates. Kaelin K; Hill. Glake G; Ignatius. Andr...
Scientists made a carbon‑based material (biochar) that’s coated with the natural antimicrobial peptide LL‑37 (along with two other peptides). This new material can trap and kill a wide range of drug‑resistant bacteria, but it’s a lab‑scale product, not something you can buy or use at home yet.
Tzeng. Yih-Ling YL; Giuntini. Serena S; Berman. Zachary Z; Sannigrahi. Soma S; Granoff. Dan M DM; St...
Scientists discovered a new version of a meningococcal protein (FHbp ID 896) that helps the bacteria avoid the immune system but, surprisingly, also makes them easier for the natural antimicrobial peptide LL‑37 to kill. This finding is mainly about a specific bacterial outbreak and doesn’t change how people should use LL‑37 or other supplements for health.
Gadishaw-Lue. Crystal C; Banaag. Alyssa A; Birstonas. Sarah S; Francis. Aju-Sue AS; Barnett Foster....
The study shows that when the gut bacteria EHEC encounters normal bile salts, it becomes tougher against two natural gut antibiotics (HD-5 and HNP-1) but not against another one called LL‑37. This resistance depends on specific bacterial genes. In a wax‑moth infection model, bile‑treated normal bacteria were more deadly than a mutant lacking one of those genes.
Nova. Zuzana Z; Skovierova. Henrieta H; Strnadel. Jan J; Halasova. Erika E; Calkovska. Andrea A
The study tested how a lung cell line (A549) reacts to bacterial toxin (LPS) and whether the antioxidant NAC can protect them. The cells were surprisingly tough against LPS, their reaction changed with serum levels, and NAC didn’t cut down the oxidative stress. Growing the cells longer made them act more like real lung cells, especially in surfactant protein behavior, but the work doesn’t give direct tips for human use of LL‑37 or supplements.
Chernomordik. Fernando F; Cercek. Bojan B; Lio. Wai Man WM; Mihailovic. Peter M PM; Yano. Juliana J;...
Researchers found that a protein called LL-37, which the immune system can recognize, behaves differently in people having a heart attack compared to those with stable heart disease. In mouse experiments, immune cells that react to the mouse version of LL-37 helped shrink artery plaques and stopped them from turning into hard calcium deposits. The study suggests LL-37‑reactive immune cells might play a role in heart disease, but it doesn’t give any direct advice on using LL-37 as a supplement or treatment.
Kathamuthu. Gokul Raj GR; Moideen. Kadar K; Sridhar. Rathinam R; Baskaran. Dhanaraj D
People with tuberculous lymph node infection have lower blood levels of some antimicrobial peptides, but the level of LL‑37 (a cathelicidin peptide) stays about the same as in healthy folks. After finishing TB antibiotics, LL‑37 actually drops a bit while other peptides rise.
Zuo. Yunlong Y; Dang. Run R; Peng. Hongyan H; Wu. Zhiyuan Z; Yang. Yiyu Y
The study found that the human antimicrobial peptide LL-37 makes lung inflammation worse in sepsis by stopping the breakdown of damaged mitochondrial DNA, which blocks a protective cell-cleaning process called autophagy.
Atazadeh. Fatemeh F; Fazeli. Zahra Z; Vahidnezhad. Hassan H; Namazi. Nastaran N; Younespour. Shima S...
People with vitiligo, a skin condition where pigment cells die, have higher levels of the immune peptide LL‑37 in their blood, while their vitamin D levels are lower. The study didn’t find strong links between most vitamin‑D‑receptor gene variants and vitiligo, except a possible modest risk with one variant (FokI). Overall, the work suggests LL‑37 might play a role in vitiligo, but it doesn’t tell us how to use or change it.
He. Ye Y; Yang. Xin X; Yuan. Zhang Z; Shen. Xinkun X; Xu. Kun K; Lin. Chuanchuan C; Tao. Bailong B;...
Scientists put a tiny peptide called LL‑37 into silk‑based particles and stuck them onto titanium implants. This coating helped stem cells and immune cells work together better, leading to faster bone healing around the implant in animal tests.
Lee. Ji-Young JY; Hong. Yoon-Kyoung YK; Ko. Kwan Soo KS
Scientists found that when the human antimicrobial peptide LL‑37 is used on the bacteria Acinetobacter baumannii, the bacteria can become dependent on the antibiotic colistin. These colistin‑dependent bacteria become more vulnerable to many other antibiotics, and they show specific genetic changes.
Lee. Haeng Ho HH; Lee. Gi Yong GY; Eom. Hong Sik HS; Yang. Soo-Jin SJ
A Korean study looked at how often drug‑resistant Staph bacteria show up in the beef supply chain. They found only a few MRSA and MSSA cases, but the MRSA strains were often resistant to many antibiotics and also to the natural antimicrobial peptide LL‑37. This suggests that even low‑level contamination could carry tough bacteria.
Tsvilovskyy. Volodymyr V; Solis-Lopez. Alejandra A; Almering. Julia J; Richter. Christin C; Birnbaum...
The study shows that the antimicrobial peptide LL‑37 can trigger mast cells (immune cells that release histamine and other chemicals) by binding to a receptor called Mrgprb2. This activation causes calcium to flow into the cells and leads to degranulation, which is the release of inflammatory substances. The researchers also found that certain ion channels (TRPC) help this process, but they are not the main pathway.
Liu. Anping A; Zhou. Yang Y; Ye. Peng P; Zhang. Xiaojun X; Luo. Yinghua Y; Yu. Anyong A; Wang. Song...
The study found that the blood protein LL-37 rises a lot in people with early sepsis, and its level tracks closely with other infection markers (PCT and CRP). Measuring LL-37 together with those markers gives a very accurate way to spot sepsis early in the emergency room.
Findlay. Emily Gwyer EG; Currie. Andrew J AJ; Zhang. Ailiang A; Ovciarikova. Jana J; Young. Lisa L;...
Adding the natural peptide LL-37 while growing immune cells called dendritic cells in the lab makes those cells better at waking up killer T‑cells that can attack tumors in mice. This effect is seen only for the CD8+ T‑cells, not the helper CD4+ ones, and it leads to tumor shrinkage in animal models.