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Cathelicidin, hCAP-18, FALL-39, CAP-18
An antimicrobial peptide of the cathelicidin family that provides innate immune defense by killing pathogens and modulating inflammation and wound healing.
Angarita-Díaz. María P MP; Simon-Soro. Aurea A; Forero. Diana D; Balcázar. Felipe F;...
A study measured several saliva proteins, including the antimicrobial peptide LL‑37, in kids with and without cavities. Kids without cavities had a bit more LL‑37, but the difference wasn’t statistically significant, so it’s unclear if LL‑37 can reliably predict cavity risk.
Mommert. Susanne S; Doenni. Lisa L; Szudybill. Phillip P; Zoeller. Christoph C; Beyer. Frerk Hinnerk...
The study shows that skin cells naturally have a receptor called C3aR, and when they sense viral-like RNA (using a compound called Poly I:C), they boost this receptor and other immune proteins. Adding the antimicrobial peptide LL‑37 makes this boost even stronger. This is mostly a basic science finding about how skin cells react to danger signals, not a direct guide for health hacks.
Scheper. Henk H; Wubbolts. Julia M JM; Verhagen. Joanne A M JAM; de Visser. Adriëtte W AW; van...
A lab study tested several antimicrobial peptides against tough MRSA bacteria that hide in biofilms on joint implants. The peptide LL‑37, which some people think of as a natural immune molecule, did NOT kill these hidden bacteria, while other peptides like SAAP‑148 did.
Zhang. Hanlin H; Zhang. Menglu M; Wang. Yuanzhuo Y; Zheng. Qingyue Q; Tang. Keyun K; Liu. Runzhu R;...
The paper reviews mouse models used to study rosacea, a skin condition, and highlights that injecting the peptide LL‑37 into mouse skin is the most common way to mimic rosacea symptoms. While it explains how each model works, it does not give direct advice for using LL‑37 in humans or for health‑boosting purposes.
Kostelic. Marius M MM; Zak. Ciara K CK; Jayasekera. Hiruni S HS; Marty. Michael T MT
Scientists created more realistic tiny membrane models (nanodiscs) that contain several types of lipids, and used a special mass‑spectrometry method to see how the human antimicrobial peptide LL‑37 sticks to these membranes. They found that LL‑37 behaves differently depending on the lipid mix, especially showing a preference for bacterial‑like membranes.
Varma. Sudhir Rama SR; Damdoum. Marah M; Alsaegh. Mohammed Amjed MA; Hegde. Mithra N MN; Kumari. Suc...
The review says that the natural peptide LL‑37 helps teeth pulp cells turn into dentin‑making cells, boosts the mouth's antimicrobial defenses, and supports the formation of new dentin after injury by activating the innate immune system.
Liu. Qingluan Q; Wang. Zhicheng Z; Zhang. Wenling W
SPLUNC1 is a protein that lives in the lining of our airways and helps keep the fluid there balanced while also fighting germs. It works like a natural immune helper, influencing things like the amount of liquid on airway surfaces, surfactant properties, and the activity of other immune molecules such as LL‑37, mucus, and enzymes. The review mainly describes how SPLUNC1 does this and notes that its levels change in some lung diseases.
Hou. Wenqing W; Ma. Dongfei D; He. Xiaolong X; Han. Weijing W; Ma. Jianbing J; Wang. Hao H; Xu. Chun...
Scientists created a new way to watch how tiny molecules move in and out of cell membranes with extremely high precision. They used a special lighting trick with non‑glowing “quenchers” outside the cell to see where a defensive peptide called LL‑37 sits in the membrane and how lipids flip sides. The technique also showed how another protein, MLKL, inserts into membranes at specific depths.
Chin. Chui-Yoke CY; Zhao. Jinshi J; Llewellyn. Anna C AC; Golovliov. Igor I; Sjöstedt. Anders A...
Researchers discovered that a bacterial protein called FlmX helps harmful germs change their outer coating and avoid being killed by the natural immune peptide LL‑37 and some antibiotics. When the bacteria lose FlmX, they become far less dangerous and far more vulnerable to these defenses.
Golla. Radha M RM; Mishra. Biswajit B; Dang. Xiangli X; Lakshmaiah Narayana. Jayaram J; Li. Amy A; X...
Researchers discovered that Staph bacteria use many genes to resist the human antimicrobial peptide LL‑37 and engineered versions, and that disabling some of these genes makes the bugs more vulnerable and less able to stick together or cause infection.
Li. Zhan Z; Song. Yuqing Y; Yuan. Peisong P; Guo. Wei W; Hu. Xueting X; Xing. Wei W; Ao. Luoquan L;...
Scientists engineered human umbilical cord stem cells to make a combined antibacterial peptide called BPI21/LL-37. In mouse sepsis tests, these cells killed more bacteria, lowered harmful inflammation, and helped the animals survive longer. The approach is a sophisticated cell therapy, not something you can apply yourself today.
Turkoglu. Oya O; Efeoglu. Candan C; Atmaca. Harika H
The study looked at a natural antimicrobial peptide called LL‑37 and an enzyme that activates it in the fluid around dental implants. It found that while inflamed implants produce more fluid, the amount of LL‑37 and the enzyme didn’t change compared to healthy implants, and they weren’t linked to how deep the gum pockets were.
Jiang. Zhiming Z; Zhang. Yuke Y; Zhu. Yibing Y; Li. Chong C; Zhou. Lei L; Li. Xiaolin X; Zhang. Fuxi...
The study shows that a natural protein called cathelicidin (LL‑37) makes airway cells change shape and become more like scar‑forming cells when people smoke, which contributes to lung damage in COPD. Turning down cathelicidin in mice reduced this harmful change, while increasing it made it worse. The effect works through a chain of signals called TACE, TGF‑α, and EGFR.
Mallela. Lakshmi Sruthi LS; Sharma. Prerana P; Rao. Tata Santosh RamaBhadra TSR; Roy. Sanhita S
The study looked at eye infections caused by a fungus and found that a protein called IL‑22 can help protect eye cells and reduce the infection in mice. It also noted that another natural antimicrobial peptide, LL‑37, is higher in infected human eyes, but the research does not give any direct ways to use these findings for everyday health or longevity.
Ramezani. Jamileh J; Khaligh. Mehrdad Rezaei MR; Ansari. Ghassem G; Yazdani. Yaghoub Y; Mohammadi. S...
A study of 41 kids looked at saliva traits and three antimicrobial peptides (LL‑37, HNP1‑3, HBD‑3) to see if they relate to cavities. Overall, saliva flow, pH, buffering, and peptide levels didn’t strongly predict cavity risk. The only hint of a link was that higher HNP1‑3 levels were more common in kids with fewer cavities, but the effect was modest.
Ten Bergen. Lisa Lynn LL; Petrovic. Aleksandra A; Aarebrot. Anders Krogh AK; Appel. Silke S
The paper explains that a protein called LL‑37 can trigger the immune system in people with psoriasis, leading to skin lesions and sometimes joint problems. Researchers have found that some patients develop antibodies against LL‑37, which may play a role in the disease and could become a target for future treatments.
Perea. Lídia L; Cantó. Elisabet E; Suarez-Cuartin. Guillermo G; Aliberti. Stefano S; Chalm...
Researchers grouped 128 people with bronchiectasis into three types based on levels of antimicrobial peptides like LL‑37 and other immune markers in their sputum. Each group showed different levels of airway inflammation, tissue damage, and risk of future flare‑ups, showing that these immune patterns relate to how severe the disease gets.
Potier-Cartereau. Marie M; Raoul. William W; Weber. Gunther G; Mahéo. Karine K; Rapetti-Mauss....
The paper explains that calcium and potassium channels in cells work together to control calcium flow, which is important for cancer cell behavior. It notes that the peptide LL‑37 can influence these channel complexes, and that drugs like antibodies might target them for cancer treatment, but it doesn’t give any direct tips you can try now.
Jagau. Hilger H; Packirisamy. Swathi S; Brandon. Kyle K; Herwald. Heiko H
The study shows that the bacteria Streptococcus pyogenes can cover itself with a thin layer of proteins from blood plasma, which protects it from being killed by the natural antimicrobial peptide LL-37 and by extracellular histones. This means LL-37 isn’t a guaranteed weapon against all infections.
Trzcińska. Zuzanna Z; Bruggeman. Marc M; Ijakipour. Hanieh H; Hodges. Nikolas J NJ; Bowen. Jam...
Scientists attached versions of the natural antimicrobial peptide LL‑37 to a titanium alloy used in joint implants using a sticky polydopamine layer. The coating stayed attached for a long time in simulated body fluid, showing good stability and consistent surface properties.