An antimicrobial peptide of the cathelicidin family that provides innate immune defense by killing pathogens and modulating inflammation and wound healing.
Moya. Claudia C; Rivera-Concha. Rodrigo R; Pezo. Felipe F; Uribe. Pamela P; Schulz. Mabel M; Sá...
The study found that a protein called LL‑37, which is released by immune cells, can damage bull sperm when present at relatively high levels (30 µg/mL). It reduces the sperm’s membrane and acrosome integrity and increases oxidative stress, showing that these immune‑derived proteins are toxic to sperm cells.
In pregnant women with a weak cervix, two natural antibiotics (HNP‑3 and hBD‑2) are higher in the fluid around the baby, and higher hBD‑2 levels are linked to delivering at term, while LL‑37 stays low.
Cho. Youn Hee YH; Renouf. Michael J MJ; Omotoso. Oluwafikemi O; McPhee. Joseph B JB
The study found that certain gut bacteria linked to inflammatory bowel disease can survive better against natural antimicrobial proteins like LL‑37, especially when they have specific protease genes. This resistance may help these bacteria cause or worsen gut inflammation, but the research doesn’t suggest any new supplement or lifestyle changes for healthy people.
Kananizadeh. Pegah P; Tada. Tatsuya T; Oshiro. Satoshi S; Hishinuma. Tomomi T; Tohya. Mari M; Uehara...
The study shows that some gut bacteria with the mcr-9 gene look sensitive to the antibiotic colistin in standard lab tests, but become highly resistant in other growth media. When these bacteria are exposed to colistin, they turn on the mcr-9 gene, which also helps them survive the human antimicrobial peptide LL‑37. A special agar can be used to spot these resistant bugs more easily.
Tian. Shilin S; Lu. Yue Y; Gao. Haifeng H; Chen. Zitong Z; Niu. Min M; Wang. Changjun C; Liu. Bin B
The study shows that mixing the chemotherapy drug epirubicin with radioactive iodine-125 seeds kills liver cancer cells better than either alone, and it does this by lowering levels of a protein called LL‑37, which then dampens a growth‑promoting WNT signaling pathway.
Kim. Sun Do SD; Kim. Geun-Bae GB; Lee. Gi Yong GY; Yang. Soo-Jin SJ
The study shows that different MRSA strains resist the human antimicrobial peptide LL‑37 in different ways. Hospital‑associated MRSA (ST5) is especially good at blocking LL‑37 by changing its surface charge and making more pigment, while livestock‑associated MRSA uses other tricks that don’t involve surface charge.
Brauer. Madita M; Hotop. Sven-Kevin SK; Wurster. Martina M; Herrmann. Jennifer J; Miethke. Marcus M;...
The study shows that the antibiotic amidochelocardin attacks the cell membrane of the gut bug C. difficile, causing the bacteria to change how it makes certain aromatic chemicals and to boost a pump (ClnAB) that helps it survive, a response also seen with the human peptide LL‑37. This is mostly basic microbiology and doesn’t give direct tips for people looking to boost health or performance.
Pouwels. Simon D SD; Hesse. Laura L; Wu. Xinhui X; Allam. Venkata Sita Rama Raju VSRR; van Oldeniel....
The study shows that the peptide LL‑37 (and another molecule HMGB1) can trigger lung inflammation and damage by activating a receptor called RAGE, and that blocking RAGE can lessen this harm. This mainly matters for lung disease research, not everyday health hacks.
A study of 21 children with cystic fibrosis and 23 healthy peers found that the CF kids had fewer cavities in permanent teeth and a different mix of saliva proteins, but the level of the antimicrobial peptide LL‑37 was about the same in both groups.
Bodahl. Sara S; Cerps. Samuel S; Uller. Lena L; Nilsson. Bengt-Olof BO
The study shows that the natural peptide LL‑37 can make lung cells take up more synthetic double‑stranded RNA and increase the amount of a virus‑detecting receptor (TLR3). This effect depends on the cell’s internal pathways and can be blocked by certain drugs like chloroquine or dexamethasone. The work is done in cell cultures, not in people, so it doesn’t give direct advice for health‑hacking or dosing.
The study shows that the human antimicrobial peptide LL‑37 attacks the fungus Candida albicans by stressing its cell wall and causing internal stress in the fungus’s protein‑making factories, and that a fungal gene called SFP1 makes the fungus more sensitive to this attack. Deleting SFP1 makes the fungus less vulnerable and changes how it handles stress.
Scientists attached the natural antimicrobial peptide LL‑37 to a plastic material used for bone implants (PEKK). The coating slowly released the peptide for about a week, cutting down bacterial growth and helping stem cells stick and turn into bone cells. This shows the material could be safer for surgeries, but it doesn’t give a DIY health protocol.
Jin. Mingchao M; Zhu. Juli J; Meng. Zhipeng Z; Jiang. Xuesheng X; Chen. Zhuo Z; Xu. Juntao J; Gao. H...
Scientists made a special coating for titanium implants that includes the antimicrobial peptide LL‑37, a molybdenum sulfide layer, and a sticky polymer. When they shine near‑infrared light on it, the coating kills bacteria and helps bone cells grow, even in animal tests. The work is mostly about improving medical implants, not something you can take or apply yourself.
The study found that people with rheumatoid arthritis have an imbalance of bacteria under the gums, and the immune‑related peptide LL‑37 is linked to these changes, but it doesn’t give clear steps you can take to use LL‑37 for health benefits.
Denardi. Laura Bedin LB; Weiblen. Carla C; Ianiski. Lara Baccarin LB; Stibbe. Paula Cristina PC; Pin...
The study shows that the natural peptide LL‑37, along with two other antimicrobial peptides, can kill the fungus‑like organism Pythium insidiosum in lab tests, but it doesn’t give any guidance on how to use it in people or animals.
Schwäbe. Frederic V FV; Happonen. Lotta L; Ekestubbe. Sofie S; Neumann. Ariane A
The study shows that the natural peptide LL‑37 can make certain immune cells (monocytes) release web‑like traps and inflammatory signals, and that this effect depends on specific cell pathways. Lactoferrin, another protein, also triggers these traps but through a different route. These findings are mostly basic science and don’t give clear guidance on how to use LL‑37 for health or performance.
Łysakowska. Monika E ME; Szybka. Małgorzata M; Olga. Brzezińska B; Moskwa. Sylwia...
The study looked at the immune gene LL‑37 and several cytokines in people with joint pain, comparing those with and without Bartonella infection. It found that LL‑37 levels were the same in patients and healthy people, and didn’t change whether someone had Bartonella antibodies. Some cytokines were different in patients overall, and those who actually had Bartonella DNA showed lower IL‑12 and TNF‑α, hinting the bacteria might dampen parts of the immune response.
The study looked at how well a blood test (T-SPOT.TB) and some blood chemicals, including the immune peptide LL‑37, can detect lung TB in people who also have type‑2 diabetes. It found the test is pretty accurate, especially when two parts of it are combined, and that certain antioxidant levels are lower in these patients. However, the research is about diagnosing disease, not about using LL‑37 for health improvement or longevity.
Torres-Ruiz. Jiram J; Absalón-Aguilar. Abdiel A; Nuñez-Aguirre. Miroslava M; Pérez-Fr...
The study shows that people with severe COVID-19 have more of a special type of white blood cell (low‑density granulocytes) that make sticky DNA webs called NETs, and they also have higher levels of the antimicrobial peptide LL‑37 in their blood, but the research doesn’t test any new treatments or give clear steps for self‑experiments.
The study looked at how the nose’s immune chemicals change with age when people get COVID‑19. Kids boost a specific interferon (IFN‑λ1) while adults increase other interferons and beta‑defensins, but the antimicrobial peptide LL‑37 stays the same across ages. This shows the body’s early defenses differ by age, but it doesn’t give clear steps for using LL‑37 or other supplements.