Modification of the hypothermic circadian cycles induced by DSIP and melatonin in pinealectomized and hypophysectomized rats.
Yehuda. S S; Mostofsky. D I DI
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DSIP
Emideltide, DSIP nonapeptide, Delta sleep-inducing peptide
A neuropeptide that induces delta sleep, reduces stress, modulates hormone release, and exhibits antioxidant effects in various physiological processes.
Efficacy of DSIP to normalize sleep in middle-aged and elderly chronic insomniacs.
Schneider-Helmert. D D
The immediate effects of one week of Delta Sleep-Inducing Peptide (DSIP) administration (6 X 30 nmol/kg b.w., i.v.) and late effects after a follow-up period of one week were investigated in a sleep laboratory study. The population of 18 chronic psychophysiological insomniacs was subdivided into two groups of middle-aged (29-59) and older (60-83) insomniacs. In the middle-aged insomniacs, improvement of sleep to normal values occurred by the end of DSIP administration and was maintained during the follow-up week. In the elderly insomniacs, who showed an initial sleep disturbance double as severe as the middle-aged group, the immediate effect was larger, but full normalization of sleep was only obtained by the end of the follow-up period. Although there was an interaction of sleep pathology and age, a regression analysis yielded clear evidence that the effects of DSIP were correlated to the degree of sleep disturbance. The whole sample of insomniacs showed normal sleep patterns at the end of the investigation.
Cellular localization of binding sites for 3H-DSIP on neurones of cultured rat brain stem.
Hösli. E E; Schoenenberger. G A GA; Hösli. L L
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Increased sleep following intracerebroventricular injection of the delta sleep-inducing peptide in rats.
Ursin. R R; Larsen. M M
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Delta-sleep-inducing peptide reduces CRF-induced corticosterone release.
Graf. M V MV; Kastin. A J AJ; Coy. D H DH; Fischman. A J AJ
It has been reported that delta-sleep-inducing peptide (DSIP) can affect several activities other than sleep, including reduction of stress. We studied the effects of this nonapeptide on corticotropin releasing factor (CRF)-stimulated release of corticosterone in rats treated with chlorpromazine-morphine-pentobarbital. Significant reduction of corticosterone levels were observed after intravenous injection of 5-30 micrograms/kg DSIP. No effect of DSIP was found on the corticosterone release elicited by injection of adrenocorticotropic hormone. The results suggest that DSIP attenuates the effects of CRF at the level of the pituitary.
Sleep disturbances in a case of brain-stem lesions; pharmacological study.
Laffont. F F; Cathala. H P HP; Ernst. A A; Bormer. M M; Schneider-Helmert. D D; Schoenenberger. G A...
A pharmacological study was carried out of a case of severe insomnia following brain-stem lesions; several polygraphic controls were used. Initially total duration of sleep was brief (less than 4 h) with a high REM/NREM ratio and a short paradoxical sleep (PS) latency. In addition, periodic breathing and tremor were observed. Slow injection of delta-sleep-inducing peptide (DSIP) improved sleep both quantitatively and qualitatively, although PS latency remained short. These effects were reversible. The effects of 5-HTP + benzerazide, of L-DOPA + benzerazide (Modopar) and of clonazepam (Rivotril) were compared.
Delta sleep-inducing peptide-like material in rat brain as determined by enzyme immunoassay: effect of sleep deprivation.
Nagaki. S S; Kato. N N
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The aluminum-induced increase in blood-brain barrier permeability to delta-sleep-inducing peptide occurs throughout the brain and is independent of phosphorus and acetylcholinesterase levels.
Banks. W A WA; Kastin. A J AJ
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Differential sleep-promoting effects of five sleep substances nocturnally infused in unrestrained rats.
Inoué. S S; Honda. K K; Komoda. Y Y; Uchizono. K K; Ueno. R R; Hayaishi. O O
Sleep-inducing and sleep-maintaining effects of five different putative sleep substances were compared by the same nocturnal 10-hr intracerebroventricular infusion technique in otherwise saline-infused, freely moving male rats. Delta-sleep-inducing peptide (2.5 nmol), which induces electroencephalogram delta (slow)-wave patterns, was rapidly effective in increasing both slow-wave sleep and paradoxical sleep but the effects were not long-lasting. Muramyl dipeptide (2 nmol) induced excessive slow-wave sleep in the middle of the infusion period, accompanying a simultaneous elevation of brain temperature. However, paradoxical sleep was not affected. Component B of sleep-promoting substance (2 brainstem equivalents), a partially purified extract from rats deprived of sleep for 24-hr, was markedly effective in inducing and maintaining both kinds of sleep. Prostaglandin D2 (0.36 nmol) was more effective in enhancing sleep at the later period of the infusion period. Uridine (10 pmol) caused a mild but long-lasting increase in sleep, especially in paradoxical sleep. Thus, each substance exhibited compound-specific sleep-modulating properties.
Picomole analyses of tryptophan by derivatization to 9-hydroxymethyl-beta-carboline.
Inoue. S S; Tokuyama. T T; Takai. K K
The paper describes a new lab technique for measuring extremely tiny amounts of the amino acid tryptophan by turning it into a fluorescent compound. It’s a chemistry method for researchers, not a study about how the peptide works in the body or how to use it for health.
DSIP/DSIP-P and circadian motor activity of rats under continuous light.
Graf. M M; Christen. H H; Schoenenberger. G A GA
Daily intravenous injection of 30 nmol/kg DSIP (delta sleep-inducing peptide) in rats under constant illumination produced marked changes of their motor activity as compared to saline controls. Similar marked but distinctly different effects on the circadian pattern of locomotor behavior partially abolished by constant illumination were also obtained after repeated administration of 0.1 nmol/kg DSIP-P (the phosphorylated analogue of DSIP) which enhanced overall motor activity. In both instances the results additionally differed from those reported for a normal 12 hr light:dark cycle. The present results support the hypothesis that DSIP might primarily act by influencing circadian rhythmicity.
Radioimmunoassay of DSIP-like material in human blood: possible protein binding.
Kastin. A J AJ; Castellanos. P F PF; Banks. W A WA; Coy. D H DH
A radioimmunoassay (RIA) for DSIP-like material was established in unextracted human plasma. Most of the immunoreactivity was found in a "large" fraction while a much smaller amount co-eluted with DSIP from Sephadex as a "free" fraction. Both peaks progressively increased with increasing amounts of added DSIP. Acidification, but not treatment with charcoal-dextran, resulted in a relative decrease in the "large" peak and an increase in the "free" peak. This RIA, therefore, appears to measure both bound and free forms of DSIP-like immunoreactivity, the levels of which were higher at 4 p.m. than at 8 a.m.
Possible serotonergic mediation of induction of sleep signs by DSIP and by d-amphetamine.
Yehuda. S S; Mostofsky. D I DI
Although the peripheral administration of DSIP (delta sleep inducing peptide) to intact animals does not consistently induce behavioral sleep, potentiation of the effect by d-amphetamine has been established earlier. This study investigated DSIP effects in rats following pretreatment with alpha MPT and/or 1-tryptophan at various dose levels. A clear potentiation was found. Furthermore, pretreatment with methysergide blocked the emergence of sleep signs in various treated groups. It is proposed that the action of DSIP is best understood in the context of mediation via serotonergic mechanisms.
[Opiate receptors and sleep. III. Effects of microinjections of DSIP (delta-sleep peptide) in the median thalamus, Periaqueductal gray matter and nucleus of the tractus solitarius of the rabbit (author's transl)].
Tissot. R R
In the rabbit, microinjections of DSIP (delta-sleep peptide) at optimal doses in the median thalamus, periaqueductal gray matter (22.5 nmol), and nucleus of the tractus solitarius (15.0 nmol) produce slow-wave sleep with abundant recruiting spindles. As is seen with morphine, this effect is blocked by naloxone (160 micrograms intracerebrally; i.c.). At least in the rabbit, DSIP is probably a neurotransmitter or a neuromodulator of the bulbothalamic system inducing slow-wave sleep and particularly recruiting spindles. It is likely to restore slow-wave sleep after supraoptimal awakening i.c. microinjections of morphine.
Amphetamine-induced locomotor behavior of mice is influenced by DSIP.
Graf. M M; Zadina. J E JE; Schoenenberger. G A GA
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Transport of the synthetic peptide DSIP through the blood-brain barrier in rabbit.
Monnier. M M; Dudler. L L; Gächter. R R; Schoenenberger. G A GA
The synthetic delta sleep inducing peptide (DSIP) passes the blood-brain barrier, since i.v. injection in free moving rabbits (30 nmoles/kg) significantly increases the cortical delta activity and decreases the motor activity during 5 h.
The effects of peptides on the stimulus properties of ethanol.
Chipkin. R E RE; Stewart. J M JM; Channabasavaiah. K K
Researchers gave rats a choice task to see if certain brain‑active peptides could block or mimic the feeling of alcohol. The tested peptides (including TRH, its metabolite, and several others) did not change how the rats recognized alcohol, nor did they act like alcohol themselves.
Immunoregulation by Schistosoma mansoni.
Camus. D D; Nosseir. A A; Mazingue. C C; Capron. A A
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[Influence of delta-sleep inducing peptide on the state of lysosomal membranes and intensity of lysosomal proteolysis in different rat tissues during physiological aging of the organism].
Kutilin. D S DS; Bondarenko. T I TI; Mikhaleva. I I II
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[Mechanism of delta-sleep inducing peptide geroprotective activity].
Bondarenko. T I TI; Maĭboroda. E A EA; Mikhaleva. I I II; Prudchenko. I A IA
It is shown that the subcutaneous injection to the rats in the age from 2 to 24 months during 5 consecutive days every month with 10 microg/100 g body weight of delta-sleep inducing peptide (DSIP) suppresses lipid peroxidation preventing the increasing of malonic dialdehyde level in rats tissues and plasma, possesses a powerful antioxidant effect, which is realized by means of the activation of different endogenous antioxidant defense system of cell and extracellular fluid, including high- and low-molecular regulators of free radical processes. DSIP exerts stimulating influence upon the superoxid-dismutese, catalase, ceruloplasmin activities as well as the level of nonenzymatic antioxidants--urea and uric acids, because during organism aging the antioxidant defense systems are being suppressed. DSIP increases the volume of tissues and blood endogenous antioxidant defense system mainly by means of enzymatic antioxidant system, especially during later ontogenesis.