Mendzheritskiĭ. A M AM; Kuraev. G A GA; Mikhaleva. I I II; Povilaĭtite. P E PE
Computed morphometry proved activation of neocortex layer III-V axosomatic synapses. This is evident from an increase in the mean plasmalemma length, that in the active synapse zones on neurone bodies and width of the synaptic cleft, this being induced by a single intraperitoneal administration of delta-sleep-inducing peptide. The activation of the axosomatic synapses correlates with elevated GABA levels in the cerebral hemispheres cortex.
Goraca. A A; Traczyk. W Z WZ
Researchers tested several brain‑derived peptides (like substance P, enkephalins, vasopressin, oxytocin, etc.) on tiny heart pieces from newborn rats to see if they changed how fast the heart beats. None of the peptides altered the beating rate, meaning they act differently from a yet‑unknown heart‑depressing factor found in the pituitary.
Voĭtenko. N N NN; Popova. N K NK
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Koval'zon. V M VM; Obál. F F; Kalikhevich. V N VN
Effects of intracerebroventricular administration of 3 DSIP analogues with higher stability against proteolysis, on subsequent sleep were studied in rabbits and rats previously implanted with electrodes and cannulas. Significant increase of total sleep time (mainly due to slow wave sleep) after administration of the peptides (D-Trp1) DSIP and (D-Tyr1) DSIP as compared with the control injections to the same animals was found during the first 3-5 hours in rabbits and 12 hours in rats. Shortened analogue (D-Trp1) DSIP1-6 had no effect on rabbit sleep and significantly reduced slow wave sleep in rats during the first 3 hours. It is concluded that some DSIP-like peptides which are more stable against aminopeptidases, can modulate rodent sleep.
Nakagaki. K K; Ebihara. S S; Usui. S S; Honda. Y Y; Takahashi. Y Y; Kato. N N
Endogenous delta sleep-inducing peptide (DSIP) has not been demonstrated to be necessary for sleep, although the administration of DSIP has been reported to increase sleep in several mammalian species. The purpose of the present study is to examine whether the immunological neutralization of endogenous DSIP in the brain can modulate sleep in unanesthetized rats. A high titer of the rabbit antiserum specific for the C-terminal of DSIP was used. Sixteen male SD rats were chronically implanted with electrodes for EEG and EMG and with a cannula into the lateral ventricle. The rats were injected with anti-DSIP (ADS) or normal rabbit serum as a control at 10 microliter for 10 min immediately before the onset of the light or dark period, and thereafter the polygraphic recordings were performed for a 24-hr period. The records were scored in 30-sec epochs by visual inspection into 3 stages; wakefulness, slow wave sleep (SWS), and paradoxical sleep (PS). ADS exerted no significant effect on the latencies of SWS and PS after injection in the light or dark period. For SWS and PS, neither the distributions measured each 10 min for the first 4 hr nor the hourly distributions for 24 hr were affected by ADS. The first 12-hr amounts of SWS and PS were also unaffected by ADS. These results may suggest the possibility that endogenous DSIP in the cerebrospinal fluid and/or the periventricular tissues is not responsible for sleep.
Kryzhanovskiĭ. G N GN; Shandra. A A AA; Godlevskiĭ. L S LS; Mikhaleva. I I II
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Koval'zon. V M VM; Kalikhevich. V N VN; Churkina. S I SI
Delta Sleep-Inducing Peptide (DSIP) was not previously found to possess hypnogenic properties. Its analogue (D-TrpI)DSIP was more stable against aminopeptidases. Its intracerebrovascular administration in doses of 0.7, 7 and 70 micrograms/kg body weight induced a significant increase in slow wave sleep (by 40%; p less than 0.01, U-test) and rectal temperature elevation (by 0.9 degrees C; p less than 0.01) within the following 3 day-light hours, as compared to the control rabbits treated with physiologic saline. Intravenous injections of the DSIP analogue increased slow wave sleep by 25% in a narrow dose range (30-70 micrograms/kg).
Sudakov. K V KV
Data are presented, demonstrating the action of a number of oligopeptides on biological motivations of hunger, fear, self-stimulation and on alcohol addiction. In the structure of animals feeding motivation, such oligopeptides take part as beta-lipotropin and its fragments, ACTH, pentagastrin, delta-sleep inducing peptide (DSIP), substance P; in organization of defensive motivation--angiotensin II (AII), DSIP, substance P, bradykinin, beta-endorphin etc.; in organization of self-stimulation--AII, DSIP, bradykinin, ACTH, beta-endorphin etc. It is established that most of the above oligopeptides, injected to the brain lateral ventriculi, inhibit biological motivations, and only some of them have an activating action. On the basis of experiments, a hypothesis is formulated that oligopeptides act as a feedback between the genome of brain neurones and pacemaker cells of motivation centres of the hypothalamus area. Some oligopeptides elaborated by neuronal genomes under the action of dominating motivation, activate--and the other--suppress the activity of motivation hypothalamus centres.
Salieva. R M RM; Koplik. E V EV; Kamenov. Z A ZA; Poletaev. A B AB
Enzyme immunoassay was used to study delta-sleep peptide content in blood and hypothalamus in rats of Wistar lines under acute emotional stress. It was found that the content of delta-sleep peptide in blood and hypothalamus of stable rats was higher as compared with rats predisposed to emotional stress. After 1.5-hour emotional stress the content of delta-sleep peptide increased in blood and hypothalamus both in stable rats and predisposed ones. After 3-hour stress there was an increase in delta-sleep peptide content in hypothalamus, and contrary to its decrease in blood in both stable and predisposed animals. It is supposed that delta-sleep peptide along with other oligopeptides is one of the factors determining individual animal resistance to emotional stress, which is supported by significant delta-sleep peptide increase in hypothalamus in stable rats.
Zviagintseva. M A MA; Kosharskaia. I L IL; Badikov. V I VI; Beskrovnova. N N NN; Ul'ianinskiĭ....
The effect of delta-sleep peptide (DSP) deficiency on the parasympathetic regulation of the heart rate was studied on 35 rabbits. It was established that the injection of an-serum (titer-1:2000-1:3000) leads to the attenuation of parasympathetic influences: heart rate increase in freely behaving animals and a decrease in negative chronotropic effect with direct vagus irritation. Antiserum, like DSP, administration causes practically no damage of the myocardial ultrastructure.
Sukhbat. G G
Delta-sleep-inducing peptide reduced the EEG desynchronization in response to electrical stimulation of the ventromedial hypothalamus and skin. It also reduced the EEG cross-correlation indices between different zones of the brain cortex.
Badikov. V I VI; Burchuladze. R A RA; Gabuniia. A E AE; Kashmanov. S I SI; Fedianina. N G NG
The effect of i. v. administration of angiotensin II, substance P, DSIP, B-endorphin and bradykinin on the behaviour and the somato-vegetative responses to electrical stimulation of negative and positive emotiogenic regions of the hypothalamus, were studied. Angiotensin II, substance P and DSIP suppressed the avoidance and self-stimulation responses and inhibited cardiovascular responses. Bradykinin, renin and B-endorphin increased the latency of avoidance responses, enhanced and prolonged the somato-vegetative responses to electrical stimulation of negative emotiogenic regions of the hypothalamus. Possible mechanisms of the peptides physiological activity are discussed.
Aliautdin. R N RN; Kalikhevich. V N VN; Churkina. V I VI
It has been demonstrated in unrestrained rabbits that the delta-sleep-inducing peptide (DSIP, 60 micrograms, intraventricularly) produced sleep lasting 55-65 min. At that time the amount of delta-waves on the EEG was 230 % of the initial level. Of the 22 structural analogs of DSIP, the DPhe-containing compound compared favourably with the delta-sleep-inducing peptide as regards the activity. Other analogs were either less active or had no hypnogenic activity at all.
Bondarenko. T I TI; Krichevskaia. A A AA; Krupennikova. E Iu EIu; Mikhaleva. I I II
3-day effect of low temperature increases the amount of extraerythrocyte hemoglobin by 64% in the blood serum, the activity of glucose-6-phosphatedehydrogenase increasing by 231%. Administration of 6.12 or 18 micrograms/100 g body weight of the delta-sleep peptide (DSIP) induces on change in amount of extraerythrocyte hemoglobin in the blood serum of intact rats. 6 micrograms/100 g DSIP increases the activity of glucose-6-phosphatedehydrogenase by 251.6%; 12 micrograms/100 g-- by 165.6%; 18 micrograms/100 g--by 90.6%. The normalizing effect on the level of extraerythrocyte hemoglobin and activity of glucose-6-phosphatedehydrogenase in low ambient temperature occurs at the dose of DSIP 12 micrograms/100 g body weight. The DSIP stabilizes the erythrocyte membranes in low temperature.
Malyshenko. N M NM; Kashtanov. S I SI; Eroshkin. S V SV; Mikhaleva. I I II
Elucidation of the mechanisms of the DSIP effect on the CNS functional state is one of the leading problems of neuroendocrinology. The investigation of DSIP physiological properties as antistress factor in systemic mechanisms of emotional stress is of great interest. The purpose of our studies was to investigate the character of changes in intercentral interrelationships among hypothalamus, limbic system and reticular formation in augmentation of corticosteroids level up to the stressful one. We also studied the character of changes in intercentral interrelationship under the DSIP effect. The latter depends on the initial level of corticosteroids in the blood and is more obvious at the stress level. DSIP, ACTH and steroid hormones facilitate the process of the self-organization of the brain as well as the formation of the current behavioral responses.
Ivanov. V T VT
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Carlson. S E SE
Human milk contains many small nitrogen‑containing compounds (peptides) besides the big proteins. Scientists are just beginning to identify these peptides, which may include growth‑factors like epidermal growth factor and insulin‑like growth factor‑1. The paper suggests that these naturally occurring peptides could help newborn development, especially for premature babies, but it does not give any guidance for adult use or supplementation.
Dick. P P; Grandjean. M E ME; Tissot. R R
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