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Thymosin-alpha-1

Thymalfasin, Zadaxin, Thymosin α1

A synthetic 28-amino acid peptide that enhances immune function by modulating T-cell activity, used for viral infections and immunodeficiencies.

Quick Stats
Studies 759
Trials 63
Formula C129H215N33O55
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Utility 2
pubmed Dec 18, 2024

Personalized neoantigen hydrogel vaccine combined with PD-1 and CTLA-4 double blockade elicits antitumor response in liver metastases by activating intratumoral CD8<sup>+</sup>CD69<sup>+</sup> T cells.

Tang. Shichuan S; Tang. Ruijing R; Chen. Geng G; Zhang. Da D; Lin. Kongying K; Yang. Huan H; Fu. Jun...

Researchers made a gel that slowly releases tiny cancer‑specific peptides together with two immune‑boosting substances, one of which is thymosin‑alpha‑1. In mice with liver metastases, this gel plus standard checkpoint‑inhibitor drugs (PD‑1 and CTLA‑4 blockers) sparked a strong attack by a special type of killer T‑cell (CD8âșCD69âș) and reduced suppressive T‑cells, leading to tumor shrinkage and lasting immunity without obvious side effects. The work is still in animal models, so it isn’t a ready‑to‑use protocol for individuals yet.

Utility 2
pubmed Aug 19, 2021

DNA Dendrons as Agents for Intracellular Delivery.

Distler. Max E ME; Teplensky. Michelle H MH; Bujold. Katherine E KE; Kusmierz. Caroline D CD; Evange...

Scientists made tiny DNA structures called dendrons that can grab onto peptides like thymosin‑alpha‑1 and help cells take them in much better. In lab tests, these DNA dendrons got inside most cells quickly and delivered over 20 times more material than regular DNA strands, boosting the peptide’s activity. While promising, the technique is still early‑stage and not yet ready for personal use.

Utility 2
pubmed Jul 31, 2020

Clinical remission of a critically ill COVID-19 patient treated by human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells: A case report.

Liang. Bing B; Chen. Junhui J; Li. Tao T; Wu. Haiying H; Yang. Wenjie W; Li. Yanjiao Y; Li. Jianchun...

A 65‑year‑old woman with severe COVID‑19 got better after receiving three infusions of umbilical‑cord stem cells plus daily thymosin‑alpha‑1 shots, antibiotics, and standard care. Her inflammation markers and lung scans improved, she left the ICU, and her virus test turned negative after four days.

Utility 2
pubmed Dec 11, 2020

Thymic function affects breast cancer development and metastasis by regulating expression of thymus secretions PTM&#x3b1; and T&#x3b2;15b1.

Shi. Dongling D; Shui. Yanmei Y; Xu. Xie X; He. Kai K; Yang. Fengqing F; Gao. Jianli J

In mice, the health of the thymus (the organ that makes immune signals) influences how breast cancer grows and spreads. Two thymus‑related proteins, PTMα and TÎČ15b1, change their levels when the thymus is damaged, and tweaking these proteins can speed up or slow down tumor growth at different stages. The study suggests that thymus‑derived signals, like the peptide thymosin‑alpha‑1, might affect cancer behavior, but the work is still early and done only in animals.

Utility 2
pubmed Jul 3, 2023

Palliative care and Chinese medicine in a centenarian with primary hepatocellular carcinoma and 27-month follow-up: A case report.

Hu. Yue Y; Lan. Xiao-Hua XH; Cao. Yan-Jie YJ; Duan. Jing-Qi JQ; Ren. Qi-Tao QT; Jin. Ying Y; Yin. Qi...

A 104‑year‑old man with liver cancer was given occasional thymosin‑alpha‑1 shots along with Chinese herbs and nutrition support, and he lived for at least 27 months without tumor‑related complications, showing good tolerance to the treatment.

Utility 2
pubmed Sep 26, 2023

Risk Factors and Drug Efficacy for Severe Illness in Hemodialysis Patients Infected with the Omicron Variant of COVID-19.

Wu. Yan Y; He. Lingling L; Guo. Yongping Y; Wang. Niansong N

In dialysis patients who catch the Omicron COVID‑19 variant, having diabetes, low blood‑oxygen levels, or high inflammation (CRP) makes severe illness more likely, while good oxygen levels help. If they become very sick, breathing trouble predicts death, but two drugs—thymosin‑alpha‑1 (thymalfasin) and the Chinese formula Tanreqing—were linked to higher chances of leaving the hospital alive, especially Tanreqing. These findings mainly apply to kidney‑dialysis patients, not the general public.

Utility 2
pubmed Jul 30, 2021

Postpartum extracorporeal membrane oxygenation of a woman with COVID-19-related acute respiratory distress syndrome: A case report.

Huang. Weizhao W; Cheng. Zhou Z; Liao. Xiaozu X; Wang. Liqiang L; Wen. Junlin J; Li. Jianwei J; Jian...

A 31‑year‑old woman gave birth early and got very sick with COVID‑19‑related lung failure. She was treated with a mix of drugs, including the immune‑boosting peptide thymosin‑α1, and needed a heart‑lung machine (ECMO) after delivery. She was weaned off ECMO and recovered well.

Utility 2
pubmed May 29, 2023

A Prospective and Randomized Control Study on Effects of Thymalfasin for Injection on Perioperative Immune Function and Long-term Prognosis of Patients with Colorectal Cancer.

Niu. Wenbo W; Li. Zhiying Z; Li. Zhihan Z; Hu. Xuhua X; Wang. Xiaoran X; Ding. Yuanyi Y; Li. Chenhui...

A study in 400 colorectal‑cancer surgery patients found that giving thymosin‑alpha‑1 (thymalfasin) at 1.6 mg twice or three times a week lowered infection rates, reduced post‑surgery complications, and improved immune markers and disease‑free survival, but the two dosing schedules performed similarly.

Utility 2
pubmed Mar 15, 2024

Efficacy of the combination of BRII-196/BRII-198 in the treatment of COVID-19 vaccine breakthrough infections.

Guo. Xiao-Ling XL; Wang. Kun K; Jin. Jie J; Dai. Li-Li LL

In people who got COVID‑19 despite being fully vaccinated, giving the antibody cocktail BRII‑196/BRII‑198 early helped severely ill patients clear the virus faster and raise their own antibody levels, but it didn’t help those with milder disease. Adding the peptide thymosin‑alpha‑1 (thymalfasin) for patients with low lymphocyte counts didn’t speed up immune‑cell recovery.

Utility 2
pubmed Feb 21, 2019

Thymosin Alpha-1 Inhibits Complete Freund's Adjuvant-Induced Pain and Production of Microglia-Mediated Pro-inflammatory Cytokines in Spinal Cord.

Xu. Yunlong Y; Jiang. Yanjun Y; Wang. Lin L; Huang. Jiahua J; Wen. Junmao J; Lv. Hang H; Wu. Xiaoli...

In mice, giving thymosin‑alpha‑1 (a peptide that boosts the immune system) reduced pain caused by inflammation, lowered harmful inflammatory chemicals in the skin and spinal cord, and calmed down brain‑immune cells called microglia. It also helped balance chemicals that control nerve signals. The work shows the peptide can ease inflammatory pain in animals, but it’s still early‑stage and not proven in people.

Utility 2
pubmed May 8, 2019

Thymosin alpha-1; a natural peptide inhibits cellular proliferation, cell migration, the level of reactive oxygen species and promotes the activity of antioxidant enzymes in human lung epithelial adenocarcinoma cell line (A549).

Kharazmi-Khorassani. Jasmin J; Asoodeh. Ahmad A

In lab tests, the peptide thymosin‑alpha‑1 slowed the growth and movement of lung cancer cells and boosted the cells' own antioxidant defenses, but it didn’t trigger cell death. These effects were seen at relatively high concentrations that are not comparable to typical human supplement doses.

Utility 2
pubmed Apr 12, 2022

Long-term asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection associated with deficiency on multiple immune cells.

He. Gang G; Chuai. Xia X; Liang. Dan D; Chen. Chunyu C; Hu. Changzheng C; Ke. Changwen C; Ke. Bixia...

A person with a weak immune system had a silent COVID‑19 infection for over two months and was given thymosin‑alpha‑1 (Thymalfasin) every other day, plus an antiviral drug. Even with this treatment, they never developed COVID‑19 antibodies and showed low numbers of several key immune cells, suggesting the peptide didn’t fix the immune gaps in this case.

Utility 2
pubmed May 31, 2018

Combination of entecavir with thymosin alpha-1 in HBV-related compensated cirrhosis: a prospective multicenter randomized open-label study.

Wu. Xiaoning X; Shi. Yiwen Y; Zhou. Jialing J; Sun. Yameng Y; Piao. Hongxin H; Jiang. Wei W; Ma. Anl...

Adding thymosin‑alpha‑1 to the standard HBV drug entecavir was safe but didn’t clearly improve liver outcomes or survival in people with compensated cirrhosis, though there was a tiny drop in liver cancer cases.

Utility 2
pubmed Aug 5, 2017

Immunopotentiator Thymosin Alpha-1 Promotes Neurogenesis and Cognition in the Developing Mouse via a Systemic Th1 Bias.

Wang. Ge G; He. Fen F; Xu. Yunlong Y; Zhang. Yuwei Y; Wang. Xiao X; Zhou. Chunhua C; Huang. Yihong Y...

A study in newborn mice found that giving the immune‑boosting peptide thymosin‑alpha‑1 under the skin helped the kids’ brains grow more new cells and improved their learning later on, likely because it nudged the immune system toward a Th1‑type response and raised brain‑supporting growth factors. The effect also protected the brain from damage caused by an infection‑mimic. However, the work was done in very young mice, not humans, and no dosing or safety info for people is provided, so it’s not a ready‑to‑use protocol for most biohackers.

Utility 2
pubmed Jul 16, 2019

Bioactive Thymosin Alpha-1 Does Not Influence F508del-CFTR Maturation and Activity.

Armirotti. Andrea A; Tomati. Valeria V; Matthes. Elizabeth E; Veit. Guido G; Cholon. Deborah M DM; P...

The study shows that the peptide thymosin‑alpha‑1 does not help fix the faulty CFTR protein that causes cystic fibrosis, even when different labs and handling methods are used. It also found that another drug, cysteamine, didn’t work either and could be harmful when mixed with certain antioxidants.

Utility 2
pubmed Apr 9, 2018

Stereotactic body radiation therapy and thymosin alpha-1-induced anti-tumor effects in heavily pretreated, metastatic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma patients.

Du. Dexi D; Song. Tao T; Dai. Hui H; Jing. Zhao Z; Chen. Peng P; Wu. Shixiu S

A small study gave cancer patients a combo of precise radiation and a peptide called thymosin‑alpha‑1. About half of the treated spots stopped growing, and the treatment was safe with no severe side effects, but overall survival was still limited (about 5 months). The results hint that the peptide might boost the immune response when paired with radiation, but it’s only been tested in advanced esophageal cancer, not in healthy people.

Utility 2
pubmed Apr 10, 2017

Thymosin &#x3b1;1 represents a potential potent single-molecule-based therapy for cystic fibrosis.

Romani. Luigina L; Oikonomou. Vasilis V; Moretti. Silvia S; Iannitti. Rossana G RG; D'Adamo. Maria C...

The study shows that thymosin‑alpha‑1, a peptide already used safely as an immune‑boosting drug, can both calm inflammation and help the faulty CFTR protein work better in cystic fibrosis models, suggesting it might one day be a single‑drug treatment for that disease.

Utility 2
pubmed Feb 1, 2017

Thymosin-&#x3b1;1 expands deficient IL-10-producing regulatory B cell subsets in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis patients.

Giacomini. Elena E; Rizzo. Fabiana F; Etna. Marilena P MP; Cruciani. Melania M; Mechelli. Rosella R;...

The study found that people with relapsing‑remitting multiple sclerosis have low levels of the peptide thymosin‑alpha‑1, and adding this peptide to immune cells in the lab lowered inflammatory signals while boosting anti‑inflammatory ones, especially by growing special B cells that produce IL‑10. This suggests thymosin‑alpha‑1 can shift the immune system toward a calmer state in MS patients.