Use search to browse all 100+ peptides
Thymalfasin, Zadaxin, Thymosin α1
A synthetic 28-amino acid peptide that enhances immune function by modulating T-cell activity, used for viral infections and immunodeficiencies.
Pei. Fei F; Guan. Xiangdong X; Wu. Jianfeng J
Thymosin alpha‑1 is an immune‑boosting peptide that, in several clinical studies, helped lower death rates and secondary infections in people with severe sepsis, especially when combined with anti‑inflammatory drugs. However, the benefits were seen mainly in patients whose immune systems were already weakened, and the research is still limited and variable.
Wang. Fanwen F; Yu. Tingting T; Zheng. Heng H; Lao. Xingzhen X
Researchers made a version of thymosin‑alpha‑1 that’s attached to an antibody fragment, which makes it stay in the blood about 13 times longer (around 25 hours) than the regular peptide. In mouse studies this longer‑acting form boosted immune cell numbers and helped repair immune damage, and it also slowed the growth of melanoma and breast‑cancer tumors by ramping up immune signals like IFN‑γ and IL‑2. The work shows the concept works, but the modified protein isn’t available yet, so it’s more a proof‑of‑concept than a ready‑to‑use hack.
Jia. Zhiyang Z; Feng. Zihui Z; Tian. Rui R; Wang. Qian Q; Wang. Linyu L
Adding the immune‑boosting peptide thymosin‑alpha‑1 to standard COPD flare‑up treatment helped patients breathe better and reduced inflammation markers, suggesting it can improve recovery in acute COPD episodes.
Moretti. Silvia S; Oikonomou. Vasileios V; Garaci. Enrico E; Romani. Luigina L
Thymosin‑alpha‑1 is a protein made by cells in the thymus that helps immune cells communicate and keeps the immune system from attacking the body itself. The study shows it works together with a regulator called AIRE, each boosting the other's production, and it promotes cells that keep immune responses in check. However, the research is basic and doesn’t give any dosing or practical usage tips.
Serafino. Annalucia A; Andreola. Federica F; Pittaluga. Eugenia E; Krasnowska. Ewa K EK; Nicotera. G...
The study shows that the peptide thymosin‑alpha‑1 quickly changes the tiny “podosome” structures in human immune cells, making them more active and better at moving and invading, which could boost innate immunity. However, the work is done in lab‑grown cells, not people, so it doesn’t give dosing or safety info for real‑world use.
Liu. Fang F; Wang. Hong-Mei HM; Wang. Tiansheng T; Zhang. Ya-Mei YM; Zhu. Xi X
A review of 19 small trials suggests that giving the peptide thymosin‑alpha‑1 to people with severe infection (sepsis) may lower death rates and improve a key severity score when taken once a day, while also boosting some immune markers. However, the studies are low quality, the benefits on ICU stay or organ failure are unclear, and the evidence isn’t strong enough for routine use.
Yuan. Chao C; Zheng. Yisheng Y; Zhang. Bo B; Shao. LiJuan L; Liu. Yang Y; Tian. Tian T; Gu. XiaoBin...
In a mouse lung cancer model, giving thymosin‑alpha‑1 by itself raised some immune cells (CD8+ T cells) but didn’t shrink the tumors. Instead, it also activated suppressive cells called MDSCs that make an enzyme (Arginase 1) which weakens anti‑cancer immunity. This effect depends on a signaling route (TLR/MyD88), and blocking that route stopped the MDSC activation and let thymosin‑alpha‑1 work better against the tumor.
Hoch. K K; Volk. D E DE
Thymosin‑alpha‑1 is a tiny, highly charged protein that normally doesn’t have a fixed shape, but it can fold into more ordered structures when the environment changes—like lowering the pH, adding zinc ions, or mixing with certain organic solvents. Scientists have used techniques like circular dichroism, NMR, and crystallography to map these shape changes and compare them to related thymosin proteins.
Naylor. P H PH; Mutchnick. M G MG
This review says that adding the immune‑boosting peptide thymosin‑alpha‑1 to standard hepatitis B drugs might help the body clear the virus better, but the evidence is still early and comes from small studies.
Wang. Feng Yun FY; Fang. Bin B; Qiang. Xin Hua XH; Yu. Tie Ou TO; Zhong. Jia Rong JR; Cao. Jun J; Zh...
A review of several clinical trials found that giving septic patients a combo of ulinastatin and thymosin‑α1 improved short‑term survival and lowered disease severity, likely by boosting certain immune cells. However, the data come from seriously ill patients in hospitals, and the exact dosing and safety for healthy people aren’t known.
Pica. F F; Chimenti. M S MS; Gaziano. R R; Buè. C C; Casalinuovo. I A IA; Triggianese. P P; Con...
The study measured the natural levels of the immune‑modulating peptide thymosin‑alpha‑1 in healthy people and in patients with autoimmune diseases. It found that patients, especially those with psoriatic arthritis, have lower blood levels than healthy folks, and that certain drug combos can raise these levels a bit but not back to normal. The findings suggest low thymosin‑alpha‑1 is linked to chronic inflammation, but they don’t provide a clear way to use this peptide for health hacks yet.
King. Robert S RS; Tuthill. Cynthia C
In mouse studies, the immune‑boosting peptide thymosin‑alpha‑1 (Ta1) lowered the spread of melanoma tumors and slowed tumor growth, and it showed a hint of better survival in a severe sepsis model, all without obvious side effects. However, these are early animal results, not human trials, so they don’t yet translate into a concrete protocol for everyday use.
Wang. Fanwen F; Li. Bin B; Fu. Pengcheng P; Li. Qingqing Q; Zheng. Heng H; Lao. Xingzhen X
Scientists attached a tumor‑seeking peptide (iRGD) to the immune‑boosting protein thymosin‑alpha‑1 and tested it in mice with melanoma and lung cancer. The new combo, called Tα1‑iRGD, activated immune cells better, gathered more in tumors, and slowed tumor growth more than regular thymosin‑alpha‑1. However, this work is still in early animal studies, so it doesn’t give a usable dosage or safety guide for people yet.
Giacomini. Elena E; Severa. Martina M; Cruciani. Melania M; Etna. Marilena Paola MP; Rizzo. Fabiana...
Thymosin‑alpha‑1 can boost the immune response to viruses by making dendritic cells more active and increasing antiviral signals, but it does the opposite with bacterial triggers, actually calming down those same immune cells. This means it might help vaccines or viral defenses, yet could weaken the body’s fight against bacteria.
Shen. Xutong X; Li. Qingqing Q; Wang. Fanwen F; Bao. Jingxiao J; Dai. Mengting M; Zheng. Heng H; Lao...
Scientists made a version of thymosin‑alpha‑1 that’s attached to an antibody fragment, which makes it stay in the body longer and work better at slowing breast‑cancer growth in mice. It also boosted immune cells and signaling molecules that fight tumors. This is an early‑stage lab result, not a ready‑to‑use treatment for people.
Wang. Xiaoqin X; Zeng. Xiaoyan X; Yang. Bo B; Zhao. Shan S; Chen. Wei W; Guo. Xuan X
In a rat study, giving thymosin‑alpha‑1 or interferon‑alpha after severe pancreas inflammation lowered harmful enzymes and inflammatory chemicals, boosted immune‑cell numbers, improved tissue health, and cut death rates compared to untreated rats.
Peng. Renhao R; Xu. Caoying C; Zheng. Heng H; Lao. Xingzhen X
Scientists attached a targeting tag (RGDR) to the cancer‑fighting peptide thymosin‑alpha‑1, creating Tα1‑RGDR. In mouse lung‑cancer models this new version homed in on tumors better and shrank them more than the original peptide, showing it could be a more effective cancer drug, but it’s still early‑stage research and not ready for personal use.
Stincardini. Claudia C; Renga. Giorgia G; Villella. Valeria V; Pariano. Marilena M; Oikonomou. Vasil...
Thymosin‑alpha‑1 is a short protein that can calm down overactive immune responses by triggering a tolerance pathway. In animal studies it reduced the chronic inflammation seen in cystic fibrosis and even helped the faulty CFTR protein work better, suggesting it might be useful as part of a multi‑drug approach for the disease. However, it has never been tested in people with cystic fibrosis, so it’s not ready for DIY use.
Binsfeld. Marilène M; Hannon. Muriel M; Otjacques. Eléonore E; Humblet-Baron. Stéphan...
The study found that thymosin‑alpha‑1 only slightly slowed myeloma cell growth in a dish and didn’t help mice with myeloma or improve immune recovery after stem‑cell transplants, suggesting it’s not useful for treating multiple myeloma or boosting post‑transplant immunity.
Shen. Xutong X; Wang. Liping L; Xu. Caoying C; Yang. Jiahui J; Peng. Renhao R; Hu. Xinyi X; Wang. Fa...
Scientists linked thymosin‑alpha‑1 to a piece of an antibody to make it stay in the body much longer (about 47 hours vs 3 hours) and found it worked at least as well, maybe a bit better, at boosting immune cells and slowing tumor growth in mice.