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Emideltide, DSIP nonapeptide, Delta sleep-inducing peptide
A neuropeptide that induces delta sleep, reduces stress, modulates hormone release, and exhibits antioxidant effects in various physiological processes.
Pu. L P LP; Dubois. P M PM
Scientists looked at where a peptide called DSIP is found in the brains of young guinea pigs. They saw it in many important brain areas, and the amount and brightness of the signal grew as the animals got older. The peptide’s fibers were often close to blood vessels and brain fluid spaces.
Graf. M V MV; Kastin. A J AJ
Delta‑sleep‑inducing peptide (DSIP) is a small protein that has been shown to help animals fall asleep and has been studied for possible use in treating insomnia, pain and drug‑withdrawal symptoms. Researchers have also found DSIP‑like material naturally in the body and think it might affect the adrenaline system, but the exact way it works is still unclear.
Schlicker. E E; Gross. G G; Fink. K K; Glaser. T T; Göthert. M M
In rat brain slices, the peptide neuropeptide Y (NPY) and related gut hormones (PYY and pancreatic polypeptide) were found to block the release of serotonin, while other tested peptides had no effect. The block was strongest at low stimulation frequencies and involved presynaptic receptors that also lowered a signaling molecule called cAMP.
Nakamura. A A; Nakashima. M M; Sakai. K K; Niwa. M M; Nozaki. M M; Shiomi. H H
The study shows that delta‑sleep‑inducing peptide (DSIP) doesn’t stick to opioid receptors itself, but at tiny amounts it makes brain tissue from rats release a natural opioid called Met‑enkephalin. This release needs calcium and could explain why DSIP can reduce pain in animals.
Okajima. T T; Hertting. G G
In a lab test using rat pituitary cells, the peptide DSIP reduced the release of the stress hormone ACTH when the cells were stimulated, likely by blocking a signaling molecule called cAMP. It didn’t change hormone levels on its own and didn’t affect other pathways like prostaglandin release.
Zlokovic. B V BV; Susic. V T VT; Davson. H H; Begley. D J DJ; Jankov. R M RM; Mitrovic. D M DM; Lipo...
The study shows that the peptide delta sleep‑inducing peptide (DSIP) can get into the brain by a special, high‑affinity transport system at the blood‑brain barrier, but this system can be blocked by the same peptide, the amino acid L‑tryptophan, or very high levels of a vasopressin analogue.
Sahu. A A; Kalra. S P SP
In rats that had their ovaries removed but were given estrogen and progesterone, giving the peptide DSIP caused a quick rise in luteinizing hormone (LH), a hormone that helps control reproductive function. The same effect wasn’t seen in rats without hormone priming, and DSIP didn’t work directly on pituitary tissue in a dish.
Iyer. K S KS; McCann. S M SM
In rats, injecting the sleep‑related peptide DSIP directly into the brain boosted the hormone LH (which helps control sex hormones) but didn’t change FSH. The effect came from the hypothalamus, not the pituitary, and was stronger when the animals had extra estrogen. The smallest dose that worked was 1 µg, but this was given straight into the brain, not by a route people can use.
Yehuda. S S; Shredny. B B; Kalechman. Y Y
A short‑term study showed that the sleep‑promoting peptide DSIP quickly changes several immune signaling proteins (cytokines) in the blood, more so than 5‑HTP or serotonin. These changes happen within minutes, before any noticeable sleep or physical effects.
Graf. M V MV; Saegesser. B B; Schoenenberger. G A GA
Scientists figured out a simple way to pull the sleep‑inducing peptide DSIP apart from the amino acid tryptophan using aluminum oxide. This makes it easier to measure how quickly DSIP breaks down in blood, which could help future research on how the peptide works in the body.
Nyberg. F F; Thörnwall. M M; Hetta. J J
Researchers isolated an enzyme in human cerebrospinal fluid that breaks down the sleep‑inducing peptide DSIP. The enzyme is about 80 kDa, works best at neutral pH, and is blocked by compounds like amastatin, bestatin, and EDTA. It also degrades other brain peptides such as enkephalins.
Yehuda. S S; Carasso. R L RL
In rats, a low dose of the peptide DSIP raised the pain tolerance both during the day and night and moved the time when rats were most pain‑resistant from morning to evening. A higher dose only helped at night, and the pain‑relief effect wasn’t blocked by naloxone, meaning it doesn’t work through the usual opioid system.
Nakamura. A A; Sugao. T T; Yamaue. K K; Kobatake. M M; Shiomi. H H
In mice, a peptide called delta‑sleep‑inducing peptide (DSIP) can lessen pain, but it only works when the brain’s descending noradrenaline (noradrenergic) system is intact. If the body’s monoamine stores are depleted or if spinal alpha‑adrenergic receptors are blocked, DSIP’s pain‑relief disappears. Serotonin doesn’t seem to play a role.
Nakagaki. K K; Ebihara. S S; Usui. S S; Honda. Y Y; Takahashi. Y Y
In rats, a chemically modified version of delta sleep‑inducing peptide (DSIP‑P) given directly into the brain increased deep (slow‑wave) sleep by about 17% and REM sleep by about 32% during the night, with effects lasting into the next day, but it required a brain injection and did not change how quickly the rats fell asleep.
Kimura. M M; Inoué. S S
A study in rats found that a modified version of the sleep‑inducing peptide (called P‑DSIP) boosted deep sleep and REM sleep when it was continuously delivered straight into the brain. The effect only showed up at one specific dose and was about five times stronger than the regular peptide.
Tsunashima. K K; Masui. A A; Kato. N N
In rats, both the natural delta sleep‑inducing peptide (DSIP) and a phosphorylated version (P‑DSIP) make a dopamine drug cause a bigger drop in body temperature. The effect shows up at extremely low doses (as little as 10 ng) and peaks around 1 µg, with the phosphorylated form acting faster but wearing off sooner. Blocking dopamine receptors stops the effect, suggesting DSIP works through the dopamine system.
Zadina. J E JE; Banks. W A WA; Kastin. A J AJ
The paper is a catalog of more than 80 brain‑active peptides (including DSIP) and the dozens of effects they have shown in animal studies from 1980‑85. It doesn’t present new experiments or dosing advice, just a handy reference table that links each peptide to things like sleep, aggression, feeding, memory, etc.
Iyer. K S KS; McCann. S M SM
In rats, the peptide delta sleep‑inducing peptide (DSIP) raises growth hormone levels when injected into the brain or added to pituitary cells, and this effect seems to involve dopamine signaling. The hormone boost is dose‑dependent but tops out at about a 50% increase over normal levels. The study was done in ovariectomized rats and used direct brain injections, so it doesn’t tell us how DSIP works when taken as a supplement in humans.
Graf. M V MV; Kastin. A J AJ; Schoenenberger. G A GA
In a study with rats that naturally have high blood pressure, researchers found that a peptide called DSIP was a bit higher in these rats than in normal ones. Giving the rats extra DSIP for 10 days kept their blood pressure from climbing as much as it did in rats that got a salt solution. A short five‑day injection schedule gave a similar result. This hints that DSIP might play a role in controlling blood pressure, at least in this animal model.
Graf. M V MV; Schoenenberger. G A GA
In rats, the sleep‑related peptide DSIP can change how a pineal‑gland enzyme (NAT) reacts to stress hormones. It makes the enzyme more active when norepinephrine is present, and this effect depends on the alpha‑1 adrenergic receptor. The effect disappears when a drug that blocks this receptor (prazosin) is added.