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Emideltide, DSIP nonapeptide, Delta sleep-inducing peptide
A neuropeptide that induces delta sleep, reduces stress, modulates hormone release, and exhibits antioxidant effects in various physiological processes.
Young. A M AM; Key. B J BJ
In rats, injecting delta sleep‑inducing peptide (DSIP) into the brain boosted both deep and REM sleep, but this effect disappeared when the opioid blocker naloxone was given first, hinting that DSIP works through opioid receptors.
Susić. V V; Masirević. G G
In a cat study, giving the synthetic peptide DSIP directly into the brain after a long period without REM sleep didn't change how long the cats slept overall, but it did make them spend less time awake and in light sleep, and more time in deep, delta-rich sleep. This effect was seen when the animals were most sleepy after being deprived of REM sleep.
Kastin. A J AJ; Castellanos. P F PF; Fischman. A J AJ; Proffitt. J K JK; Graf. M V MV
The study shows that the sleep‑related peptide DSIP can stick together, bind to proteins in blood, and interact with iron, creating several different forms when it’s mixed with serum.
Kastin. A J AJ; Abel. D A DA; Ehrensing. R H RH; Coy. D H DH; Graf. M V MV
In mice, two short peptides called MIF-1 and Tyr‑MIF‑1 made the animals turn a water‑wheel more often, which is a behavior linked to antidepressant effects. The effect showed up at very low doses (0.01 mg/kg) given by injection, while another peptide (DSIP) actually reduced wheel turning. The study didn’t test these peptides in people or show they can reverse opioid effects.
Meisenberg. G G; Simmons. W H WH
Most peptide hormones you might take as supplements, like insulin or oxytocin, have a hard time getting into the brain because the blood‑brain barrier blocks them. Some get in a little, some are broken down quickly, and a few act on special brain areas that lack the barrier. This means that simply injecting or swallowing a peptide doesn’t guarantee it will affect brain function.
Graf. M V MV; Kastin. A J AJ; Schoenenberger. G A GA
A study in rats found that giving delta‑sleep‑inducing peptide (DSIP) or two similar molecules in the evening lowers the activity of an enzyme that makes melatonin during the night. The effect only happens when the peptide is injected at night, not in the morning, and the strongest response was at a dose of about 30 nmol per kilogram. This suggests DSIP can shift the body’s internal clock, but the work was done in animals with IV dosing, so it isn’t ready for direct human use.
Inoué. S S
Scientists have been looking for a natural brain chemical that helps you fall asleep since the 1970s. In rats, a mixture called the sleep‑promoting substance (SPS) – which includes at least four parts, one of them uridine – made the animals less active and increased deep and REM sleep when given at night. The effect changed depending on the time of day, showing that sleep chemicals work with your internal clock.
Honda. K K; Komoda. Y Y; Nishida. S S; Nagasaki. H H; Higashi. A A; Uchizono. K K; Inoué. S S
In rats, directly delivering a tiny amount of uridine into the brain for 10 hours during the night boosted both deep (slow wave) and REM sleep, mainly by making sleep episodes happen more often. Small doses did nothing, and very large doses caused odd movement patterns, suggesting a sweet spot for effect. The study shows uridine can act as a sleep‑promoting agent in the brain, but it was tested only with invasive brain infusion in animals.
Yehuda. S S; Kastin. A J AJ; Coy. D H DH
In rats, a tiny dose of DSIP (0.1 mg/kg) made them colder when they were in a chilly room, but the same dose made them warmer in a normal‑temperature room. Higher doses didn’t change temperature much. When combined with d‑amphetamine, DSIP’s effect depended on the room temperature: it didn’t change the cold‑induced drop in body heat, but in a warm room it flipped amphetamine’s usual heat‑raising effect into a cooling one. DSIP also altered how much the rats moved and even made some of them look like they were sleeping when given both DSIP and amphetamine at normal temperature.
Graf. M M; Christen. H H; Tobler. H J HJ; Maier. P F PF; Schoenenberger. G A GA
Giving rats a nightly IV dose of DSIP (or its phosphorylated version) changed when they were most active: they moved less at night (when they normally run around) and more during the day (when they usually sleep). The effect was stronger and happened faster with the phosphorylated form, suggesting DSIP does more than just help you fall asleep – it can actually re‑program your internal clock.
Schoenenberger. G A GA; Maier. P F PF; Tobler. H J HJ; Wilson. K K; Monnier. M M
Researchers identified a 9‑amino‑acid peptide called DSIP that, when directly injected into the brain of rabbits, boosts deep‑sleep brain waves (delta activity) by about 35%. Only the natural form of the peptide works; a slightly different version does not.
Yehuda. S S; Kastin. A J AJ
The abstract says that a handful of peptides, including DSIP, can change how the body controls temperature. Their effects vary depending on the surrounding temperature and how the peptide is taken, and they can interact with drugs like amphetamine, morphine, or naloxone that also affect heat regulation.
Olson. G A GA; Roig-Smith. R R; Mauk. M D MD; LaHoste. G J GJ; Coy. D H DH; Hill. C W CW; Olson. R D...
A small study in six rhesus monkeys gave daily injections of various brain peptides, including DSIP, for ten days. The researchers found that DSIP and a related enkephalin seemed to hurt short‑term memory, while another peptide (alpha‑MSH) slightly improved it. There were also sex‑related differences in learning and pain response, hinting that hormones might interact with these peptides.
Miller. L H LH; Kastin. A J AJ; Hayes. M M; Sterste. A A; Garcia. J J; Coy. D H DH
In rats, giving DSIP and similar peptides by injection caused changes in brain waves. The sooner the effect started after the injection, the shorter it lasted. This inverse link between start time and duration was seen at two different dose levels.
Belykh. A E AE; Bobyntsev. I I II; Kryukov. A A AA; Dudka. V T VT
In rats that were stressed with electric foot shocks, giving the peptide DSIP changed how their liver handled oxidative stress and enzyme activity. A middle dose (120 µg/kg) lowered a damage marker (MDA) after short‑term stress, while low doses raised some blood enzymes. Across all doses, DSIP helped keep liver protein production normal and, during long‑term stress, boosted antioxidant enzymes, but higher doses sometimes increased damage markers.
Bondarenko. T I TI; Kutilin. D S DS; Mikhaleva. I I II
In rats, giving delta‑sleep‑inducing peptide (DSIP) under the skin once a month for five days helped keep a key mitochondrial enzyme (NADH‑dehydrogenase) stable as they aged, which might lower harmful free‑radical damage.
Bondarenko. T I TI; Maĭboroda. E A EA; Mikhaleva. I I II; Prudchenko. I A IA
In rats, giving a high dose of delta‑sleep inducing peptide (DSIP) under the skin each month for five days helped protect the liver as the animals got older, but it didn’t change how the pancreas worked or affect calcium balance.
Bondarenko. T I TI; Maĭboroda. E A EA; Mikhaleva. I I II; Prudchenko. I A IA
In rats, giving delta‑sleep inducing peptide (DSIP) under the skin once a month for five days helped keep blood sugar and cholesterol levels healthier as they got older. The treated rats showed lower blood sugar markers, less total fat and cholesterol in the blood, and higher good (HDL) cholesterol.
Ivanova. E A EA; Koplik. E V EV
In a rat study, giving the peptide DSIP changed immune cells in the small intestine. It lowered a type of inflammatory cell called eosinophils in all rats. In rats that were naturally more active, DSIP boosted certain lymphocytes, while in less active rats it mainly increased plasma cells after stress. The effects depended on the animal's stress‑resilience profile.
Voĭtenkov. V B VB; Popovich. I G IG; Zabezhinskiĭ. M A MA; Iurova. M A MA; Piskunova. T...
In a mouse study, giving the peptide DSIP (as the commercial mix Deltaran) once a month for five days, for the whole life of the animals, made the oldest 10% of the females live about 16% longer. Those mice also stayed more active, were less anxious in maze tests, and showed slower natural tumor development, suggesting possible anti‑aging, anti‑stress, and anti‑cancer effects.